The education of cultural and hygienic skills (KGN) in children is one of the priority tasks of a teacher at a preschool educational institution. Kids need not only to talk about how to behave and to maintain cleanliness, but to consolidate their knowledge in practice. How not to get confused by the teacher in a large amount of information, where to start work, how to organize activities to form the above skills for children of the sixth year of life? A structured file of cultural and hygienic skills in the senior group, as well as an analysis of the program and the requirements of the state standard, will help in resolving these issues.
The objectives of the formation of CGS in a preschool institution
The common saying that cleanliness is the key to health is beyond doubt. That is why it is so important as early as possible to teach babies to observe the rules of personal hygiene. That is, the main purpose of educating CGN is to preserve and strengthen the health of preschool children.
The next important task is the formation of a socially adapted personality of the child, fostering understanding and adoption of established rules of behavior in society.
The cultivation of cultural and hygienic skills in the older group is carried out daily, both in special classes, and in the process of regime moments during the day.
The concept of skill and habits as the basis of cultural and hygienic education
How does the process of fostering a culture of behavior and hygiene begin? From the moment a baby is born, the baby watches people around. Here those behavioral stereotypes begin to take shape, which later on under the influence of various external factors are formed into a certain skill. So, the baby first tries porridge not with a finger, but with a spoon, learns to use a napkin, etc.
But the goal of the teacher is to form a persistent habit on the basis of the acquired skill. The cultivation of cultural and hygienic skills in the older group pursues precisely such a task. After all, even as babies, children learned - thanks to teachers, parents and society as a whole - the basic rules of behavior and compliance with hygiene standards. But such skills have not yet become sustainable. Children often forget or misunderstand a learned skill. For example, kids can learn how to use cutlery, but it’s wrong to hold a spoon, spill water from a glass, forget to wash your hands before eating, etc.
Conditions for the education of hygiene skills in the preschool educational institution according to the Federal State Educational Standard
In order to develop cultural and hygienic skills in the older group, certain conditions are needed:
- Impeccable implementation of the rules and norms that are formed in the baby by adults. A preschooler is imitated, therefore, daily observing the actions of the teacher and parents, he will follow their example. And if, for example, it is customary in the family to talk at the dinner table, then it will be difficult for the crumb to explain why he should not do this. It is important not to forget that the generated skill is quite difficult to adjust.
- Necessary equipment convenient for children. For example, a water tap should be installed at the height of the baby. Items such as furniture or plumbing in kindergartens were originally designed for use by children. But here, for example, so that there are napkins at the dining table, the educator needs to take care. And so that the formation of skills is fixed at home, parents should organize the child's access to equipment.
- The equipment necessary for the education of KGN should not only be located correctly, but also be attractive to the baby. That is why everything is so bright in kindergartens, with drawings and decorations. In addition to the fact that such jewelry has an aesthetic function, they contribute to the development of interest in the formed skills, as well as contribute to their persistent assimilation and memorization. It is for the purpose of consolidating knowledge on the lockers and cots of babies that they attach entertaining children's stickers. In addition, teachers in carrying out daily work on the formation of rules of conduct apply a card of cultural and hygienic skills. In the older group, thanks to purposeful games, kids will easily and naturally master the necessary skills and fix them in practice.
- Repeat acquired skills should be regular, despite the changes in the situation. For example, a child must strictly wash his hands after a walk and before eating in the kindergarten, at home, at a party, etc.
- The teacher in the process of working on the formation of CGN in the older group should use an individual approach.
- Strict adherence to the daily routine.
The volume of CGN in the senior group according to GEF
Pupils of 5 years, as a rule, have already mastered the basic skills. What to teach such children, what to form cultural and hygienic skills in the senior group? A card index with goals (according to GEF) will help the teacher determine the goals and objectives of the work, as well as organize practical activities with children. So, what is the content of the work of raising KGN for kids of the indicated age category, according to the requirements of the educational standard? What kids should learn:
- master the concept of an active social life position;
- friendship;
- respect for elders;
- rules of the games in a peer team;
- distinguish between good and bad behavior;
- to consolidate the ability to comply with the rules and norms established by society;
- learn the culture of communication;
- monitor the cleanliness of the body (brush your own teeth, wash yourself), clothes, hair style;
- consolidate the ability to change clothes;
- to form the skill to carefully pack things, toys, make the bed ;
- use cutlery (fork and knife), monitor the culture of behavior at the table.
What is a KGN file cabinet ?
In the preschool educational institution, preschool children daily resort to the help of such methodological aids as a card index of cultural and hygienic skills in the senior group on GEF. What is it? This is a structured work plan for mastering these skills, which contains a list of game tasks with educational goals.
Such a document is not mandatory, but, as verified in practice, is an effective assistant to the educator in the development of hygiene rules and culture of behavior in children. The card index is compiled directly by the educator, taking into account the requirements of the educational program, the state standard and internal rules, as well as the material and technical capabilities of the preschool educational institution.
Cultural and hygiene skills in the senior group: a file cabinet with goals
A card index of didactic games aimed at the development of KGN helps the teacher to effectively plan and organize educational daily activities with kids. This manual contains concise, structured depending on the purpose and type of activity tasks. Below we offer educators to take note of several interesting games aimed at mastering hygiene skills and a culture of behavior in the older group.
The plot and role-playing game "The doll bathes"
The goal of the game is as follows: to consolidate children's knowledge about the means of washing, to form the ability to use them in practical activities.
Children are offered several items, among which are soap and a washcloth. It is their babies who must choose from among the rest. After that, preschoolers should bathe the doll using the selected hygiene products.
Board game “Pick a couple”
Purpose: to teach to correlate objects with actions, to strengthen self-service skills.
How to play? Among the various proposed images, babies should choose a logical pair. For example, clothes-closet, toothbrush-teeth, soap-hands, toys, basket for toys, etc. In addition, children need to argue their choice.
Didactic game "Crocodile-neat"
Purpose of the game: to form skills of self-service, to fix the rules of personal hygiene; to cultivate accuracy, a lean attitude to health.
The rules of the game are as follows: the host (selected with the help of a reading room) shows with gestures and facial expressions some action related to observing hygiene rules, for example, brushing his teeth, washing his face, dressing, etc. The rest of the participants will guess the action.
Board and print game "How I spend my day"
Purpose: to consolidate children's knowledge of the daily routine, develop memory, form the concept of a healthy lifestyle.
Preschoolers are offered plot illustrations that depict regime moments. Children need to put the illustrations in a chain in order.
Didactic game "Good or bad?"
Purpose: to form the ability to behave properly in society, to fulfill cultural and hygienic standards; teach to assess the current situation, analyze the actions of others; educate the concept of cultural behavior.
The teacher demonstrates plot illustrations to children that reflect different situations. For example, the picture shows how a child scatters toys, brushes his teeth, helps an elderly person climb stairs, etc. Preschoolers should determine and argue the answer about which situation is positive and which is negative.
How to compile a file cabinet for an older group?
In order to correctly formulate cultural and hygienic skills in the senior group, the file cabinet must be correctly composed and framed. Only in this case, the document will become a practical assistant to the educator during classes on the formation of a culture of behavior and compliance with personal hygiene rules. How to compile a file cabinet:
- Write out from the work program and GEF a list of CGN, which should be formed in the senior group of DOW.
- Plan activities according to thematic weeks.
- Choose games aimed at the formation of cultural and hygienic skills in the senior group.
- Indicate the goals of didactic games, the necessary equipment.
- Prepare material for activities.
- Conduct a game lesson according to plan.
- Rate the result of the work done.
A card index of cultural and hygienic skills in the senior group will help to effectively organize educational work in the preschool educational institution, and will increase the effectiveness and durability of the acquired material.