The device of any modern state can be likened to a sprawling tree. Three branches of power depart from the main trunk, each of which carries a certain load, and together they provide the work of public administration mechanisms.
Such a scheme was first proposed by the English philosopher John Locke in the seventeenth century. This idea of dividing power into interconnected branches is a characteristic feature of legal states. It was most fully developed in the works of the French thinker Charles Louis Montesquieu, who formulated the concept of “3 branches of power”, which has survived to this day with some changes.
The first of these branches, legislative, belongs to the exclusive right to adopt laws; it exercises its functions through the representative body of power - the parliament, to which the people delegate representatives through elections. The legislative assembly (one of the synonyms of parliament) is the only instance in the state that, after careful consideration at parliamentary hearings, adopts certain laws or amendments to them.
Thus, the parliament personifies the legislative branch of the state tree, in addition, it regulates the financial sphere, approving the budget proposed by the government, and solves a host of other issues related to the country's foreign and domestic policy.
In addition to the legislative, three branches of government are divided into executive and judicial.
The executive branch, first of all, includes the government cabinet, headed by the prime minister. The government enforces laws and other legislation. In the regions, it is carried out through local executive bodies or by elected bodies of local self-government.
In addition to the legislative and executive components, the design of the “three branches of government” includes the judicial one.
It is characterized primarily by justice - a special state activity designed to resolve disputed issues in a judicial proceeding.
The judiciary should strictly monitor compliance with the law and the implementation of justice in accordance with the norms of criminal procedure and commercial law. This goal is, for example, a judicial authority such as the prosecutor. In addition, the judiciary, in particular the Constitutional Court, performs the oversight function of the other two branches of government in accordance with the principle of separation of powers, which is crucial in the structure of a truly democratic state .
The three branches of government, being isolated, must not only interact and complement each other, but also, through the so-called deterrence system and balances, to be constantly within the legal framework.
The presidency of the country, not only the head of state, but also the guarantor of the constitutional rights of citizens, serves the same purpose. The main thing in the president’s activity is coordination of the effective work of the bodies of all three branches of government in carrying out the main directions of state policy.