The rescue tool is used for rescue operations related to extinguishing a fire and eliminating natural disasters. In addition, it is used for first aid and evacuation of affected citizens. Consider the devices belonging to this category and their features.
Bagra
Fire hooks are used in the dismantling of roofing and wall ceilings, rafters, other parts of buildings, as well as the removal of combustible elements. Manual rescue tool includes two types of elements:
- BPM (metal fire hook). It consists of a hook, metal base, spear and handle. The rod is made of a pipe with a cross section of 20 mm, a metal hook and a spear are welded to it. They are made of steel St-45, are subjected to heat treatment. Fire engines are equipped with such instances.
- Mounted fire boat (BPN). This tool consists of a wooden rod. A metal hook and spear are mounted on it. The base is made of hardwood (hornbeam, beech, birch).
Crowbars
Among the rescue tool, several types of crowbars are distinguished, namely:
- LPT (heavy fire scrap). Firefighters are equipped with such modifications; they are intended for opening building structures. Manipulation is carried out by the lever method during the dismantling of floors, wooden partitions and other parts with tight joints. In fact, this is a metal rod with a cross section of 28 mm, the upper part of which is curved in the form of a tetrahedral hook, and the bottom is sharpened by a pair of edges.
- PSh (fire scrap with a ball head). This rescue tool is designed to chip ice, plaster and other finishing materials. It is a metal pin with a diameter of 50 mm. with a flat cut in the lower part (25 mm). On the upper part of the rod there is a ball, sharpening is performed with the expectation of two edges (12.5 mm).
- LPL (lightweight fire scrap). This model is used for clearing the area after fires, opening the skin, roofing, as well as other similar actions. The tool has an upper tetrahedral edge, bent at an angle of 45 degrees, the sharpening length is 80 mm, the lower part of the shaft is equipped with a ring with a cross section of 30 mm.
- MPI (universal fire scrap). This modification serves to open doors and windows. The metal rod has two bent parts at the edges, made of steel St-45. Pointed elements are heat treated.
Hooks
A special hook is provided for equipping rescue equipment and fire tools. It is an element used to open hydrants and other similar structures. The fixture is included in the equipment of fire-fighting vehicles, made of strip steel St-45N (25 * 12 mm). Its dimensions are 395/225 mm, the upper part is sharpened. And from the bottom there is an eyelet for fixing the rope up to 17 millimeters thick and 1.3 meters long. Hook weight - 1500 g.
Fire belt ax
Another element of the emergency tool. It is designed to suppress cable cuts, wiring, wood and other flammable structures by chopping strikes. The element is also used when opening hydrant wells is necessary.
The considered instrument is equipped with fighters and commanders of fire departments, the product itself has a pickaxe and a blade. The first part is the work of making holes in brick and other buildings, and the canvas helps to disassemble wooden structures.
The main part is made of steel with a high carbon content (U-7). Hatchet - wooden of beech, birch, ash and other hardwoods. It is not painted, the length of the instrument is about 38 centimeters with a weight of up to 1 kilogram.
What else?
The kit consisting of dielectric gloves and galoshes, special scissors and a rubber mat also belongs to the category of emergency rescue tools. The handles of the cutting devices are made of rubber, the device itself is used to cut electric wires.
Processing is subject to elements with a cross section of 1-15 millimeters under a voltage of up to one thousand volts (steel wire with a diameter of up to 6 mm). Scissors have dimensions - 56/26/6 cm with a mass of not more than 3500 grams. Electrical protection devices are included in the kit for cutting electrical wires.
Hydraulic Rescue Tool
Extinguishing fires and eliminating other emergencies often requires the implementation of certain processes for the rapid opening of structures of various types.
For this, mechanized and special devices are used. They are divided into two main groups:
- Electric grooving and sawing, as well as autogenes and jacks of the pneumatic principle of action. Devices are equipped with special nozzles for various purposes.
- Hydraulically driven tools for a wide range of applications. They are supplied with emergency rescue teams, including car pumps and tanks.
ASI
The rescue equipment and fire instrument of this classification include energy sources with a control unit and enhanced operational characteristics. The main devices are pumping stations with a piston or mechanical drive. ASI hydraulic systems use MGE-10A oil as a working fluid.
Pumps of a modern configuration are aggregated with pistons driven by electric power units or internal combustion engines. Standard operating parameters are 220 volts / 50 Hz.
Rescue tools and equipment of this type happens with one or two control posts. In the second version, the possibility of simultaneous operation of several devices is practiced. Relatively small area, in relation to the mass, makes it possible to transport the complexes to the required distance, as close as possible to the treated area.
Hand pumps
Units are focused on supplying working fluids to ASI hydraulics and other mechanisms. Manual analogues are used in cases where it is impossible to operate advanced stations in terms of compliance with safety regulations. As a rule, a fire-rescue tool in this category has two working stages, develops a maximum pressure of up to 80 MPa, with a similar indicator of oil exposure from 0.8 to 2.5 cubic centimeters per stroke. The force on the handle is about 300 N, the volume of the tank is 0.7-2.5 liters.
Dimensions of standard domestic pumps are 610/160/155 mm. At the same time, high-pressure hoses are used, which are flexible pipelines that supply working fluid from pump stations to hydraulic mechanisms. The nominal passage of devices is 6 mm, the working pressure is about 80 MPa, and the length is up to 20 meters.
The control unit includes a distributor and hydraulic locks. The switching of operating modes is carried out by supplying fluid to the pistons of the cylinders or by withdrawing from the rod cavity. The clamps guarantee the locking of the oil and its removal, if necessary, in the area of the working cavities of the hydraulic cylinder.
The principle of operation of the control unit
Work with a hydraulic rescue tool can be understood by the example of oil supply to the piston of the cylinder. To do this, turn the control handle so that the positions of the middle and upper parts coincide. Then, the working fluid flows from the pump station through the check valve of the hydraulic lock into the main cavity of the cylinder. In this case, the rod and piston move to the left.
At the same time, oil is supplied to the hydraulic retainer, combining installed modules and moving the arrow down. To move the piston to the right, the handle should be moved to the lower position. It is worth noting that hydraulic locks are exclusively equipped with equipment designed for the power lifting of heavy loads or their expansion.
Total
The emergency rescue tool can conditionally be divided into two main groups:
- The first category includes devices for cutting metal structures (corners, profiles, fittings, sheets, etc.).
- The second group includes equipment for pushing or lifting various parts, including the expansion of narrow passages.
All tools are divided into details of mechanical impact (nippers, crowbars, hooks, scissors) or hydraulic counterparts (jacks, pumps and special openings).