People living in rural areas are partially deprived of the civilized benefits of citizens. In most cases, the private development sector does not have a central water supply. Today it is not difficult to correct the situation and establish a life with comfortable living anywhere - in the country, in a village house. How to install, operate and repair water pressure stations for the home, read in this article.
Purpose of the water station
- Any installation performs three functions: pumps water from the well, maintains the appropriate pressure and continuously ensures uninterrupted flow of fluid into the house. Moreover, different nodes are responsible for these functions.
- The first option is implemented using a pump and a monitoring sensor. The pump delivers water, and the sensor turns it on and off.
- For pressure stabilization, completely different nodes are responsible. This work is performed by a hydraulic accumulator and a control sensor that monitors the pressure in it. The battery itself supports the pressure of water in the water supply. This is achieved through its own overpressure.
- The third option is implemented using all nodes, but the main role is played by the accumulator. It contains all the water reserves renewable by a pump, the operation of which is controlled by a pressure and level sensor.
Where to drill a well?
If the house has not yet been built, the location of the well is determined by the boundaries of the future home. It should be in the basement or basement. This location of the well is very convenient. It is easier to protect the piping and pump from freezing. But very often you have to drill a well when the house is built. Then it is placed at a closer distance from the foundation. This reduces the length of the lines and the costs associated with the isolation of pipelines.
Well depth
This indicator determines how water will rise to the surface. If the well is more than twenty meters, the water is lifted using a submersible pump and an intermediate tank equipped with sensors to measure the water level. From the tank, water enters the inlet of such a device, which will maintain pressure in the water supply network. It is called hydrophore.
With a well depth of less than twenty meters, a compact automatic water station is installed. For a summer residence, it is quite suitable. This installation is distinguished by reliability and a combination of two units in one - a submersible pump and a hydrophore. In this case, there is no need for an intermediate tank and an automatic system that controls its filling. The water raised from the bowels of the earth is immediately sent to the water supply.
Installation of equipment
- A trench digs below a layer of frozen soil. The pipe is laid on a sand cushion.
- The pump station is placed in a heated or insulated room. The basement of the house is suitable for this.
- The station is best installed on an elevated place. This will protect the pump if the basement is flooded for some reason.
- The pump must not touch the walls, otherwise vibration will propagate through them during its operation.
- The pumping station is installed at a small distance from the water intake.
- The well should be closed and insulated.
- A check valve is installed at the end of the water suction pipe. This is to prevent water from escaping in the event that the pump shuts down.
- When connecting water pressure stations, you must follow all the rules for working with electrical equipment.
How does a water pumping station work?
The principle of operation is very simple. If water enters the house from the well, a hose lowers into it. When the station turns on, water flows through it into the tank. When it is filled to the required volume, the station automatically turns off. During the opening of the tap in the bathroom or in the kitchen, water under a certain pressure enters it. In the process of using the liquid, its pressure and level drop. When these indicators reach a certain point, the water station is switched on again, and the tank is filled with water. All this happens automatically. The station itself is cooled with cold water, which constantly circulates in the system.
Types of installations
Water pumping stations are of several types. Vortex installations are placed on the surface. The operation is carried out due to the pressure created in the system using a wheel with blades. The station will not work without initial pressure.
Therefore, you need to create it, for which water is poured into the tank before the first start. These water stations are very sensitive to temperature changes in water. The price increases due to the fact that the premises where the installation will be located need to be insulated. And this is an additional cost.
For the operation of centrifugal stations , the pressure created by the centrifugal pump wheel is used.
They, in turn, are divided into two types:
- Submersible when the pump is completely in the water.
- Semi-submersible - the pump can be installed above the water level. This option is more suitable for drilling and artesian wells. A water station of this type withstands severe temperature changes in water. This is achieved due to design features.
Varieties of pumping stations
- They are divided according to purpose. To pump water from a well or well dug to a shallow depth, as well as to increase the pressure in the water supply system, a water supply pump station is used. This installation is small in size, has a low noise level, is powered by an electric network and pumps a small amount of water. Deservedly in demand water station for the house. The price of such an installation is acceptable for a family with any income (from 5000 rubles).
- If you need to pump out water from a pond, drain the site or pump out drainage fluid, it is better to use a pumping station that pumps groundwater. The priority task of this installation is to pump a large amount of liquid in a shorter period of time.
- A sewage pumping station is used for pumping sewage. This installation differs from previous stations in the material of which the pump casing is made, and powerful knives.
Installation Failures
- It happens that the water station works, but the water does not swing. First you need to check the piping for leaks, especially the joints and the check valve. Remember to check for water between the pump and the well. If the installation is working, it should be there. There must always be water in the pump. In its absence, you need to fill the container through a special hole. It happens that the well runs out of water. In this case, lower the hose deeper. Such a malfunction also occurs with low voltage. Check engine operation. If it is faulty - replace.
- Sometimes the pump starts up too often and the water is pumped jerkily. Such problems in the water station are due to a malfunction of the pressure gauge. Perhaps there was a rupture of the membrane in the tank. This is easily checked with a nipple. If water appears when you click on it, then the membrane must be changed, it is faulty.
- Often, when the pump is operating at full power, water flows intermittently. The cause of such a malfunction may be the air that from somewhere enters the pump. To resolve this problem, you need to do a check of the water level in the well. If its readings do not correspond to the norm, it means that a hole has formed in the pipeline through which trickles of air seep. If this place is found, it urgently needs to be repaired.
- If the pump does not turn on but pumps water, the pressure switch is faulty. The fact is that it consists of two springs. The upper and lower levels are regulated by a larger spring, and the pressure difference between the levels of the springs is only regulated by the lower one. You should pay attention to this, and in case of a malfunction, replace the relay. Such a breakdown may occur due to blockage of the inlet by salts if the water is poor. In this case, the relay just needs to be cleaned.
- When the pump does not work at all, check the relay contacts. Perhaps they burned out. Such a malfunction occurs if the engine burns out. This can be understood by smell. Repair of water stations in this case is best done by a specialist.
- The pump may hum but not spin. This happens when the pump has not been used for a long time. To start it, it is enough to take a hand on the impeller of the engine and twist, and then turn on the installation in the network.
Pump station selection
A water station for a summer residence has some limitations on its operation. Not pumpable:
- Sea water, as it contains a lot of sand and debris.
- Water whose temperature is more than thirty-five degrees.
- Unacceptable operation of the installation without water.
When choosing a water station, you should pay attention to:
- For the presence of a check valve. It protects the installation if it is without water. This extends the life of the station.
- The condition of the inlet filter, which serves as a protection for the check valve and the entire pump from dirt, which helps to extend the life of the filter. If necessary, the filter is quickly removed and easy to clean.