Modern waterproofing materials are reliable and durable. At the moment, just a huge number of their varieties are produced. The most popular because of the low cost are bitumen-polymer and roll materials. We will talk about what advantages and disadvantages they differ, as well as about the features of their installation.
Varieties of roll materials
Once upon a time, only roofing material and roofing materials were used to protect roofs and foundations. Today they also remain quite popular. However, if desired, you can use more modern and expensive analogues, which are more reliable and durable. These include:
- Glass Ruberoid. In ordinary material, cardboard is used as the base. In this case, it is replaced by fiberglass. Such rolled waterproofing material can last up to 15 years.
- Weldable roll materials. Their difference from roofing material is that on their lower side there is already a bitumen layer. Gluing is carried out by heating it with a gas burner directly on the roof.
- Self-adhesive roll material. In this case, the reverse side of the panels is coated with a polymer composition and covered with a film. After removing the latter, the material is simply laid on the roof. Bonding occurs when the paintings are heated by sunlight.
- Baseless varieties. In this case, cardboard, fiberglass or some other material is not used as a substrate. The canvas is entirely made up of polymer with additives.
- Hydroisol. Asbestos sheet is used as a substrate.
Requirements for roll waterproofing GOST
Roofing and waterproofing roll materials are required to undergo laboratory quality tests. According to the standards, the flexibility of roofing material (GOST 10923–64) must be such that it does not appear cracks when twisting into a roll with a diameter:
- 20 mm for the RP-250 brand;
- 30 mm - for RP-420 and RF-350.
For roofing (GOST 10999–64), these indicators are as follows:
- 10 mm - at 20 g Celsius;
- 20 mm - for roofing leather;
- 30 mm - for sprinkled material.
In addition, rolled waterproofing materials are checked for tear resistance in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Also tested are the degree of water resistance, for loss of strength when saturated with water, the presence of delamination and completeness of impregnation.
In this way, all rolled waterproofing materials are checked (GOST 2678–65). Samples are taken in accordance with GOST 2551–75.
Varieties of bitumen waterproofing
Sometimes roofs and foundations protect against moisture and with the help of mastics based on petroleum products. It is also a fairly inexpensive way, and technologically uncomplicated. Currently, the following varieties of such materials are available:
- Bitumen-polymer mastics. They are mixtures based on polymers, petroleum bitumen, rubber and various additives. Thanks to the latter, waterproofing polymeric materials acquire viscosity and resistance to cracking. In addition, the presence of such additives increases the life of the mastic.
- Bituminous mastics. There are one-and two-component. In this case, special additives, synthetic or natural, are also used.
- Bitumen-polymer emulsions. This variety is commonly used for waterproofing mineral surfaces. They are aqueous bitumen emulsions with mineral emulsifiers and synthetic latex added to them.
What can roll and bitumen materials be used for?
These varieties of waterproofing can be used for:
- Roof protection. In this case, the material is laid in several layers.
- Processing the walls, bottom and top of the foundation. For this purpose, both bitumen and roll materials can be used.
- Basement insulation inside and out. In this case, roll material is usually laid on the floor, and the walls are coated with bitumen mastic. However, the latter for waterproofing basements has recently been used less and less. The fact is that as a result of the penetration of groundwater through concrete walls, the film created by it can go away. Currently, to protect the walls of basements usually use more modern materials - penetrating and injecting.
Installation of roll materials
You can use this waterproofing on roofs with a slope of the slopes of not more than 25 gr. The work in this case is as follows:
- The waterproofing material is rolled out and left in this position for a day. This is necessary so that he straightened out. You can also just roll the roll and roll it in the opposite direction.
- The roof surface is thoroughly cleaned of debris and dust.
- The roll rises to the roof.
- One person smears the surface of the roof with heated bitumen mastic, the second rolls the roll.
Thus, almost any roofing waterproofing material is mounted. When gluing, special attention should be paid to vertical elements, joints of slopes, etc.
Rules to be observed
When installing roll materials, the following rules must be observed:
- On slopes with an angle of inclination less than 15 gr. the rolled material is laid parallel to the ridge from the bottom up. In this case, the overlap on the cornice should be approximately 15 cm, on the ridge - 25 cm.
- On slopes greater than 15 cm, roofing material is usually laid across, rolling strips from top to bottom. The overlap on the ridge in this case should be about 40 cm.
- Between the strips should be done overlaps: 10 cm longitudinal and 15 cm end.
- The joints of the paintings should not converge in one place.
- In the valleys before gluing the rays, three layers of roofing material should be laid. This significantly reduces the risk of leakage. Further installation is carried out with alternation of end and pitched layers.
Number of layers required
In order for the roof to be protected as reliably as possible, several varieties of roofing material are laid on it. The lower layers are mounted from the material without sprinkling. Such roofing material is cheaper. Stacked material is placed on top. The number of layers depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope:
- more than 15 gr. - 2 layers;
- 5-15 gr. - 3 layers;
- 0-5 gr. - 4 layers.
Surfaced waterproofing materials: installation
Roof protection with this type of waterproofing is as follows:
- The first layer can be fixed on the roof with nails.
- Stacking starts from the lowest point.
- Next, the roll is rolled out and laid in the place where it should be mounted.
- The edge of the strip rises and warms up.
- Next, it must be pressed firmly to the surface of the ramp.
- The canvas rolls down again to the glued place.
- Gradually rolling the roll, the lower part, as well as the base, are heated by the burner. Under the influence of fire, a roll of liquid bitumen will form in front of the canvas.
- After gluing, a special skating rink is passed through the canvas to remove air bubbles from under it.
Installation Rules
The overlaps in the case of using the deposited material do the same as with the usual roofing material. When passing lanes with a roller, special attention should be paid to the edges. Move this tool at an angle - from the middle of the canvas to the outside. You can’t walk on the roof just pasted.
Using bituminous mastics
Unlike rolled, waterproofing material of this variety is more often used to protect foundations from moisture than roofs. The work in this case is performed in the following order:
- The surface is thoroughly cleaned of dirt.
- Cold mastic is mixed until a homogeneous composition is obtained; hot mastic is heated to a temperature of at least 160 g.
- Further, the product is usually applied to the surface in two layers, the thickness of which on horizontal structures can reach up to 100 mm, on vertical ones - up to 60 mm.
On roofs, bituminous mastics are mainly used as glue for roofing felt.
Modern rolled and bituminous waterproofing materials are reliable and durable. Easy installation combined with not too high cost make them very popular. At the moment, these two varieties are used for waterproofing various structural elements of buildings most often. At the same time, they are used both in private housing construction and in industrial construction.