There is an opinion that building a new house is easier than remaking an old one. Indeed, most often the demolition of a dilapidated garden structure and the construction of a more modern one often costs less than reconstruction. But sometimes it’s more advisable to rebuild the country house than to dismantle it.
In which cases it is worth reconstructing
Owners of suburban areas usually demolish old dachas only when such a building becomes completely unusable. In the case of dilapidation of only individual structures, reconstruction is most often carried out. It is also advisable to remodel a country house when it becomes necessary:
Reconstruction plan
A variety of types of work can include the reconstruction of a country house. Therefore, before getting down to business, the owner of a suburban area should carefully inspect the building and draw up a reconstruction project.
The following types of work can be performed during the rebuilding of summer residences:
roof and floor replacement;
replacement of walls;
foundation repair;
installation of water supply, heating, sewage and ventilation systems.
Also alteration very often includes activities such as the construction of an extension or redevelopment. The reconstruction of the country house can also be attributed to reconstruction.
Foundation repair
As you know, the life of a building directly depends on the reliability of the foundation of any building. Repair the foundation of the cottage in a timely manner. Any problems associated with the foundation will necessarily have the most negative effect on other structures of the building.
The foundation should be repaired if necessary:
In both of these cases, a trench is first excavated around the perimeter of the house to the depth of the foundation. Next, the walls of the base are cleaned from the ground. In the next step, if necessary, amplification:
Mount a bandage from a channel of 200 mm. Do this using studs from a metal rod 30-40 mm with threaded thread.
At the corners of the building, the channel is bolted through the mortgages.
- Along the length of the wall, the ends of the brace are pulled together with studs.
Sometimes the reconstruction of the foundation, if necessary, can be strengthened by the following method:
after removing dirt, the walls of the base of the building are cleaned to fittings;
formwork and frame are installed in the dug trench, after which the elements of the latter are welded to the old reinforcement inside the foundation;
the formwork is poured with concrete mixture.
If it is necessary to restore the base of the building, in most cases the following types of work are performed:
under the basement section to be replaced, undermine no more than 80 cm in length;
remove the material of the destroyed part of the base;
mount the frame and weld it to the reinforcement located on both sides of the undermining of entire sections of the foundation;
establish the formwork, leaving a small gap at the top;
pour concrete mixture through the slot.
Roof reconstruction
During the reconstruction of country houses, foundations have to be repaired by owners of suburban areas relatively infrequently. In the construction of residential buildings, including seasonal, this part of them is usually given special attention. Foundations in the assembly of houses are always trying to make as reliable as possible.
Roofs of summer cottages are usually collected from not too durable material - wood. Therefore, they require reconstruction more often foundations. The same goes for the ceilings of garden buildings.
During the reconstruction of country houses with roofs, the following types of work can be performed:
In the first case, reconstruction or overhaul of the roof becomes necessary when the frame is destroyed due to rotting of the wood or its drying out. The arrangement of a residential attic often also involves the replacement of the rafter system in order to increase the roof space.
In both of these cases, the reconstruction of the roof of a country house is carried out approximately according to this technology:
the old frame is removed, including the Mauerlat, if it is also rotten or dried out;
going to a new rafter system.
Mauerlat under a new frame is usually mounted from a bar of 200x200 mm. Rafter legs are made from a thick board. For the installation of the crate, lumber with a width of 150 mm is used.
If it is necessary to expand the roof space, the roof of a modern one-story country house can simply be increased in height using longer rafters, or you can change its shape by building, for example, a broken one.
If the attic is subsequently supposed to be made residential, it is additionally insulated. This operation is performed using the following technology:
on the installed rafters from the attic side, a wire mesh is stuffed;
between the rafters, insulation plates, for example, mineral wool, are mounted;
on top of the cotton wool with a slight sag with the use of rails up to 3 cm thick, a waterproof insulator is packed;
installation of the lathing and roof sheathing with the selected material;
on the reverse side the attic is fitted with a vapor insulator;
lining of the attic with plywood, lining, etc.
Roofing material during reconstruction is chosen in most cases, of course, modern. The roof of a beautiful country house in our time is usually covered with colored ondulin or, for example, metal.
Reconstruction of floors
This operation, owners of cottages subject to restructuring, also have to do often enough. Before repairing or replacing the roof, the inspection of the floors must be performed without fail. If they sag, there are dips in them or their supporting elements have lost strength, they are replaced.
In this case:
remove the floorboards of the attic floor and the ceiling of the premises of the house;
take out the insulation plates, remove the waterproofing pad and vapor barrier;
dismantle the beams.
Then collect the overlap with the replacement of materials in the reverse order.
In approximately the same way at the dachas they change floors:
clean the boards;
dismantle the lags;
check the supporting posts and, if necessary, change them or make repairs;
mount new lags;
if necessary, a heater, for example, expanded clay, is poured into the underground space;
stuff new floor boards.
Wall reconstruction
This procedure, as well as the replacement of floors, during the reconstruction of country houses is, of course, carried out before the assembly of a new roof. Reconstruction or overhaul of walls may include the following operations:
strengthening;
replacement.
In the latter case, the wall is usually pre-destroyed inside the house. Next, build a new one instead. If necessary, reinforcements next to a dilapidated building envelope at a certain distance also erect a new structure. At the same time, in the interval between the walls, a reinforcing reinforcing cage with pouring concrete mixture is increased. Under the new external wall in this case, of course, the foundation is poured.
If a through crack appears in the enclosing structures of the country house, in some cases they are strengthened. If the building has a not too large area, it can just fit around the perimeter with a corner in several zones. Further, the walls of the house are ennobled using hinged facades. At the same time, warming of the country house is also carried out.
Unfortunately, it is possible to make major repairs of walls only if they are built of brick, blocks or are monolithic. Chopped enclosing structures with the appearance of cracks or decay usually have to be demolished completely.
During reconstruction, adobe walls are most often simply lined with any modern material. This makes it easier to care for the facades and make the house more modern in appearance. In this case, at the first stage, an additional foundation is also being erected. An excellent answer to the question of what to impose on a country house made of earthen blocks is, for example, facing or ordinary brick or foam piece materials. Cladding during lining is carried out in most cases by the "half-brick" method.
Redevelopment
According to the project of restructuring the country house, in some cases, such a procedure can be performed. Often, the overhaul of such buildings with reconstruction implies, among other things. and demolition of partitions or the construction of new ones. They redevelop such houses in order to improve the convenience of living in them.
The technology for demolishing partitions depends on what material they were built from. Brick and block structures of this type are dismantled using a punch. The technology for the demolition of partitions looks like this:
furniture and other household items are taken out of the premises;
wiring is disabled;
plaster gets stuck from the partition;
the joint between the floor and the wall is weakened by striking the seam;
the bottom row is selected;
the masonry is loosened and knocked out.
The openings in the partitions begin to disassemble from the jumper.
Panel constructions are dismantled by a much simpler technology. From such partitions, the skin is first removed. Then the sound insulator is removed, if any. Then the partition frame is dismantled.
How to rebuild an old country house: expanding the area
During the reconstruction, garden buildings, among other things, can be joined by various kinds of additional structures. Thus, the owners of suburban areas increase the useful area of their property. In different cases, both deaf structures with full walls and open verandas can be attached to summer houses.
The material for the assembly of such structures is chosen in accordance with what the cottage itself was built from. But sometimes, to “heavy” houses made of brick or blocks, lighter shield annexes or verandas also join.
Construct structures of this type in compliance with the following recommendations:
the foundation of the extension is laid to the same depth as the foundation of the dacha itself;
the foundations and walls of the box of the house and the extension are not rigidly attached to each other;
the roof of the extension is placed under the roof eaves of the house by 20 cm and sheathed with the same material.
The gap between the walls of the extension is clogged with tow or is closed with foam. Between the foundations of structures lay a shock-absorbing tarred thick board.
It is impossible to fix the constructions of a summer house and an extension because the latter will shrink for several years. With a fixed fixation, this can cause the destruction of the foundations or walls of both the house itself and the veranda.
The walls of beautiful country houses today can be decorated with decorative plaster or sheathed with siding or, for example, lining. For the exterior design of the extension, of course, it is better to use the same material that was used for cladding the enclosing structures of the main building.
Heating system installation
As soon as the reconstruction of the old house is completed, you can begin to carry out reconstruction work aimed at improving the comfort of living in it.
Heating utilities are not obligatory for summer cottages, of course. However, many similar owners of garden houses still mount such systems today. If there is a heating network, being in the country in the off-season will, of course, be much more comfortable.
In most cases, the simplest single-tube systems are assembled at the dachas. In this case, gas heating units are used. The main advantage of single-pipe heating system is ease of assembly and low cost. The disadvantage of networks of this type is considered to be uneven heating of the batteries. However, since cottages in most cases have a small area, the last drawback for them can be considered insignificant. In this case, the water heated in the boiler does not make too large a loop. Accordingly, the variation in battery heating in such structures is not particularly large. In addition, to adjust the microclimate in the house in this case, you can use special plumbing fixtures.
Radiators in cottages during the assembly of the heating system are usually connected by the saddle method, and the pipes themselves are laid under the floor. Sometimes when installing such networks in garden houses, a circulation pump is not even used. In this case, pipes of large cross section are laid in the building, the coolant along which moves under the influence of gravity.
Water supply in the country
Well, of course, is available in almost every suburban area. However, such a source of water supply as a well is still considered more convenient for use by allotment owners.
In most cases, drilling of such mines is entrusted to specialists. But with a close occurrence of groundwater, the well can be equipped with your own hands. In this case, home-made mini-rigs and special steel filter needles are used for drilling. In this way, a well can even be drilled, for example, inside an extension.
When using a double-circuit boiler or boiler in the country, if you wish, you can also mount a hot water system, and then install a small shower in one of the rooms.
Wiring replacement
Overhaul of a country house with reconstruction often involves the implementation of this procedure. In the past, aluminum wiring was usually used in garden buildings . Today, such networks, unfortunately, may not be able to cope with the load placed on them by various kinds of household appliances. Today, in addition to traditional electric stoves and heaters, for example, washing machines, refrigerators, microwave ovens, as well as other energy-intensive equipment can be installed in summer cottages.
Accordingly, the aluminum wiring in such houses often have to be changed to copper. Such an operation, of course, is better to entrust to specialists. But if you have certain skills, you can change the wiring yourself. This procedure is performed using approximately the following technology:
A new wiring diagram is created.
the network is de-energized;
old wires, sockets, switches are dismantled;
if necessary, new strobes break through the walls;
new wiring is stretched with the installation of all the necessary elements;
the network is checked for safety and performance.
A check of the wiring in the house is carried out at the final stage using an indicator screwdriver and a multimeter.