Roofing materials in modern design are increasingly moving away from classical solid-state coatings and at the same time willingly absorb the characteristics of insulating flooring. There are drawbacks in this development process due to a decrease in technical and physical qualities like strength. But there are significant advantages that are best reflected by the built-up roof, combining the properties of a waterproofing and hard decaying canvas.
Roofing cake device
The deposited carpet itself is made of bitumen-polymer components and fits in the upper part of the roof structure. In the lower layers, the configuration of the arrangement of functional elements may vary. For example, insulated non-exploited reinforced concrete roofing is performed with several layers of insulators. First comes vapor barrier, then insulation, and then waterproof membranes. The device of a built-up roof of this type does not do without a reinforcing link. As such, fabric manufacturers recommend the use of a cement-sand screed, which will act as an intermediate layer between the bitumen primer and the lower insulators. The roof laid on non-exploited roofs without insulation has its own characteristics. In this case, the carpet is arranged without heat, steam and waterproofing, but with slope-forming layers and reinforcement.
Preparation for installation
The rules for laying the deposited coating impose stringent requirements on the condition of the roof. It is advisable to carry out a complex seal of problem areas (cracks, sinks, dents) with cement mortar M150 before installation. After it dries, greasy contaminants are also removed from the rough surface, and small contaminants are collected with a construction vacuum cleaner. Also, with the help of measuring tools such as a level or a laser level, the roof slope is checked. As technology requires, the built-up roof should be laid on structures with an inclination angle of at least 1.5% when calculating from the valley to the ridge. Typically, slopes are created artificially using wedge-shaped plates - for example, by means of extruded polystyrene foam. Then, a final surface cleaning is performed, in which abrasive grinding can be used. This need may arise if traces of corrosion or cement jelly are found on the roof. The main thing is not to disturb the structure of the outer protective layers of the rough flooring.
Mounting Hardware Installation
After creating the basic insulating layers, you can proceed to the device of reinforcing and embedded elements. These include strips of temperature joints, water intake funnels, mechanical clamps and inclined sides. The most responsible fittings of this type are reinforcement layers, on which the durability, reliability and tightness of the roof will depend. Usually they are installed at the junction of vertical structures on the roof to a horizontal surface. It can be walls, parapets, baffles, chimneys, etc. The installation of the sides for the subsequent fixation of the deposited material is carried out using bitumen mastic, primer or adhesive solution. The specific fastening technology will depend on the characteristics of the roofing carpet and the material of the hardware itself.
The device of the expansion joints
By this moment, a cement-concrete screed should be formed, performing a reinforcing function. And here you can start a conversation about the technology of fixing the deposited carpet. It is established by exposure to a high-temperature jet from a burner, the device and principle of operation of which will be discussed later. Since the thermal effect can adversely affect the condition of the screed, it should first be protected in places of future fastening of the built-up roof along the joints. This is the temperature seams that are protected by roll materials and refractory sprinkles. The task is to protect the lower layers from thermal deformation. Typically, manufacturers of such a roof also produce special bookmarks for protection, but you can do it with improvised means, for example, planting several layers of a high-strength heat insulator.
Gas burner for roofing
Fastening of the built-in carpet is provided by soldering with a primer. Both materials are made on a bitumen-polymer basis, so the effect of high temperatures allows you to get a single tight structure. The burner, in turn, acts as a source of thermal action and an activator of the melt. As a rule, these are lightweight and ergonomic devices working from gas-air mixtures. The equipment is connected through the gearbox to the cylinder and after ignition is directed by the nozzle to the working surface. Choosing a gas burner for roofing should be according to the following characteristics:
- The diameter of the glass (nozzle that releases the flame) is 50 mm.
- Weight - 0.5-0.6 kg.
- The length of the tube is 60 cm.
- The total length is about 100 cm.
- Power - an average of 90-110 kW.
These are the average parameters of a typical burner, which is suitable for professional material laying. There are also special modifications oriented to melt overlaps. These are the so-called suture burners, provided with a clamping press, a system for preventing attenuation and a device for raising the edges of the flooring. The design of this apparatus allows you to easily capture the rolled material at the joints and at the same time provide a temperature effect on the working area.
Roofing
The coil is heated by the smooth movement of the burner nozzle over the entire contact surface. Initially, the intensity of the thermal effect of the apparatus may not be high enough, so it is desirable to process the first sheet of fabric twice. In parallel, you can prepare a funnel with a bitumen mass-primer, which is supplied by the same manufacturer of the main flooring. The correctness of heating will be evidenced by a change in the shape of the technological pattern on the roof surface. When it comes to working with adjacent rolls, you should slightly modify the burner handling technique. The trajectory of the nozzle should be such that it provides additional heating of the areas that will overlap. Next, the laying of the surfaced roof begins with an overlap of about 8-10 mm. Moreover, it is important to observe the procedure for rolling strips over the entire roof area. The overlap of one line to another is carried out from the lower points of the roll to the highest, which eliminates the formation of a counter-stitch effect. With proper installation, further precipitation will drain from the seam to the catchment.
Adjacent Stacking
On the roofs of industrial, public and multi-storey residential buildings, as a rule, there are sides and parapets. It is impossible to do without laying the flooring on these structures due to the loss of tightness of the roofing cake as a whole. For more reliable capture of vertical platforms it is necessary to use lateral inclined supports. They will allow you to perform the flooring at an angle, without losing the uniform structure of the carpet. In the process of laying the roofing material, the convergence of the end overlaps between the lower layer and the reinforcing component should also be avoided. On the vertical surface of the parapet, the carpet starts at least 25 cm. In this case, structures with a height of more than 45 cm can be completely pasted over with a horizontal surface.
Features of work in bad weather
It is advisable to carry out work in clear weather without precipitation. If the schedule does not allow you to reschedule the event, then you should prepare canopies and greenhouses in advance. Some modifications of bitumen flooring cannot be laid at temperatures below 5 ° C. This applies, in particular, to the Bikrost and Linokrom brands. In other cases, working actions are allowed if the air temperature is higher than the temperature of flexibility of the material being laid. In frost conditions, the built-in roof must be preheated to 15 ° C. And to withstand it in this mode should be at least 24 hours. Special rules for working with gas equipment in the cold are also taken into account. So, in order to increase the safety and efficiency of the melt, it is necessary to use a heater for cylinders with a working mixture. This support ensures gas pressure stability and optimizes gas flow.
Quality control of work performed
After the installation is complete, you can visually assess how well it is performed. First of all, you should check for burns, cuts, swelling and waves. All seams should be uniform without traces of leakage of the binder solution. Acceptable bitumen discharge strip is not more than 2.5 cm. The quality of the interlayer joints is checked with a slotted screwdriver by bending the edges. This procedure should be performed only after the solidification of the bitumen mass is complete. In suspicious areas without seams and joints, cutting is performed with parameters of 20x5 cm. Using the taken sample of the surfaced roof, it is possible to determine whether there is delamination and whether a bond of material with the adhesive mixture is ensured. Next, a patch is applied to the control area.
Roof repair
According to the results of technical control, a decision can be made on the implementation of repair and restoration operations. Before they are made, the surface of the target flooring is cleaned and degreased. A special patch is made for the deformed area, which should go beyond the immediate damage by 10 cm. The point of future installation should be heated with a burner and sprinkled with a binder-bitumen-polymer composition. It is important to emphasize that the patch itself must be made of material of the same lot as the stacked roll. For example, the soft built-up roof “Bikrost” on a rigid structure will quickly lose its adhesive qualities and also undergo physical deformations. A properly selected patch will organically enter the canvas structure and make the site more reliable. Depending on the nature of the damage, you can do without a patch. The problem is solved by applying a special sealing mastic to the problem area.
Conclusion
The building materials market offers many options for arranging a roofing cake. These are solid-state panels with tiles, and traditional metal profiles, as well as a huge range of insulating decks. What is the advantage of bitumen coating? As an example, it is worth considering the surfaced roof "TechnoNIKOL", which is made of a polyester or fiberglass base - depends on the modification. Unlike ordinary types of roofing, such a flooring provides a high degree of tightness, serves for a long time and does not give a critical load on the building by weight. In addition, it is lightweight, easy to lay and maintainable. His cost is also acceptable - on average, 200-230 rubles / sq. M.