Municipal management is the administrative and economic activity of local authorities aimed at maintaining and developing the social and industrial infrastructure of a city or other settlement, as well as managing institutions that are owned by the city / village community. Such activity is carried out within the municipal borders in accordance with the General Plan for the Development of the Territory adopted and approved by the deputy corps.
Municipal government is not directly a form of political administration. However, according to the current Russian constitution, local authorities are included in a single system of state power. Therefore, economic, social and administrative decisions made by municipalities are implemented within the framework of legal norms established by federal authorities.
The system of state and municipal administration differs in both functional and legal criteria. For government, a mission of general control over compliance with federal legislation in a particular territory is more characteristic. At the same time, the municipal government is busy with the economic development of the settlement. In particular, we are talking about supporting and modernizing transport infrastructure, the social sphere (medicine, education, local social programs), collecting and redistributing local taxes. A special place in this list is occupied by regional development programs, which are usually aimed at the technological specialization of the economy of the municipality.
In other words, municipal government is a whole complex of economic, social and legal impacts on the local community, aimed at increasing its economic well-being. Local administrations have the right to independently determine the goals and objectives of the development of the territory that do not contradict federal legislation.
In total, the municipal government has such features as:
- adoption of the local budget and administration of regional taxes;
- building a model of economic development, convenient, autonomous in relation to the federal government, in particular, the right to create administrative and bureaucratic structures for managing municipal property;
- involvement of the population in solving the most important issues, in particular, through local referenda.
In addition, the functions of the municipality include the management of municipal property. The most problematic issues are the support and modernization of housing and communal services, transport infrastructure and the physical condition of the housing stock. The fact is that most of the enterprises responsible for the development of housing and communal services are either privatized or sold to private owners. However, utility networks are still in municipal ownership, and therefore there is a problem of combining the interests of the local community, the administration of the settlement and the owners of energy companies.
The situation is similar with regard to transport infrastructure. It turns out that roads and interchanges are mostly state or municipal, while transport is private. Accordingly, the question arises of how to manage property that is administratively owned, but not economically. And this despite the fact that regional economic programs and the administration of local taxes are the basis of municipal government.