In nature, there are many different colors. Some are bright and beautiful, others are simple and plain. What is the reason? Can this be explained schematically? It turns out that this is quite real. But what exactly can the circuit explain? The structure of the flower in different plants can vary greatly. But the main difference is not in the shape or beauty of its petals. Much more important is what is inside him.
Flower function
For plants to reproduce themselves, they need reproductive organs. To do this, some species have learned to give rise to a new life from root growth. Others in the process of evolution arose a flower as the main genital organ. In it, the nucleation and maturation of cells occurs, which after pollination give rise to seed maturation. The figure above shows a diagram of the structure of a flower of a general type. Why does he look like this?
It is believed that a flower is a derivative of leaves. Having made a bizarre metamorphosis, they adapted to environmental conditions. Some "learned" self-pollination. Others trusted the wind. Still others were transformed in such a way as to attract insects with their appearance. And those, moving from one flower to another in search of nectar, would carry pollen on themselves.
Schematic: flower structure
What is this reproductive organ? Typically, the flower is the final element of the main vertical or branching lateral axis. It develops from a kidney, forms on a shortened shoot, and can never be on leaves. The place where he begins to grow from the stem is called the receptacle. It is from him that the "leaves" depart, which underwent metamorphoses in the process of evolutionary development.
The structure of the flower ( general view diagram ) can be considered using the example of the photo below. On it you can see a thickened receptacle. Perianth grows from it. Its role is secondary and is to protect the more important parts of the flower. Perianth can have a clear separation into the calyx and corolla. It can be simple and nondescript, of uniform color. And in other cases, it is divided into sepals and bright petals that attract insects with their shades.
What is especially the internal structure of the flower? The reproductive organ diagram of a bisexual plant shows the presence of stamens (male organelles) and pestle (female) in it. They are the main parts of the flower. In turn, the base is distinguished from the pestle in the lower part - the ovary, in which the ovule is located, above - the supporting column, on top of it is the stigma. The stamen consists of a thin thread on which the anther is located.
Bisexual and dioecious flowers
What is the basis of such a classification? What is their difference? The structure of bisexual and dioecious flowers is distinguished by a set of reproductive organelles. A complete set assumes the presence of stamens and pestle (bisexual). If only a pestle is formed, then the flower will be considered feminine, and if only the stamens are masculine. In both of these cases, it is customary to speak of dioecious reproductive parts of the plant.
What else is special about the scheme: the structure of the flower? There is another classification. With bisexual flowers, the situation is simpler, their pollination occurs without any problems. With dioecious the situation is more complicated. There may be two options. In some species, flowers with a feminine and masculine origin grow side by side on the same stem (monoecious). In this case, pollination is simplified. In others, male and female flowers are formed on different plants (dioecious), and they can be located at a considerable distance from each other.
Features
The considered scheme (flower structure) makes it possible to understand the essence of the division of plants according to the sexual principle. Bisexual flowers (their petals) are usually less bright. This is due to the proximity of male and female organelles. Even one insect is enough for pollination. In some species, the stamens are generally arranged in such a way that the pollen, crumbling, immediately falls onto the pestle. Dioecious flowers themselves cannot be pollinated. Therefore, their petals are brightly colored to attract insects.
There are other classifications. Some plants bloom after 3 to 4 weeks after sowing (annual), while others only in the second or third year (perennial). Some trees generally reach puberty only after decades. One part of the plants blooms for a strictly defined time, others (citrus fruits) “do” this constantly. As a result, ripening of fruits and seeds occurs with the same frequency.
The essence of flowering is to open access to the main reproductive organs. As the germ cells mature, the bud first opens. Perianth is exposed: first sepals, then petals. As they ripen, they fully open access to anthers of stamens and do not impede the perception of male pollen pistils by female stigmas.