Drilling an artesian well involves the creation of a pressure well that reaches the aquifer limestone location line. Artesian springs are located at a depth of 20-200 mm and have amazingly pure water.
Getting permission
If you intend to create a well that will have a depth limited to 5 m, then you can carry out work without obtaining permits. In this case, you will reach the non-pressure horizon. But the use of artesian water for own needs implies the need for permission. Such permission to drill an artesian well has the form of a license, and in order to become its owner, it is necessary to collect documents, including: a lease for the site, cadastral plan, general situational development plan. At the next stage, the volume of water consumption is determined. The obtained figures are submitted to the water resources department , only after that the Russian consumer supervision issues a permit to organize a sanitary zone of the first belt near the well in a certain area. Next, you can proceed to obtain an opinion on the design of the object. This document can be obtained at the center for state monitoring of the state of the subsoil. All papers are submitted to the Department of Subsoil Use, where after and it will be possible to obtain a license. With it, a person turns to a development organization. After completion of work, the well is registered.
Well device features
Artesian wells can be drilled according to one of several existing options. Several factors will influence the choice, among them:
- required performance (these parameters will depend on the technical features of the pumping unit and the diameter of the casing used in the work);
- geological features of the territory.
If you plan to start creating a well whose productivity does not exceed 5 m 3 / h, then, as a rule, pumps Ø100 mm are used. Whereas a capacity not exceeding 3 m 3 / h indicates the need to use a pump Ø75 mm.
Varieties of artesian wells
Drilling a classic type of artesian well is used when the pressure in the aquifer is good enough and the limestone is devoid of clay deposits and sand lenses. The upper layers should be normal.
The casing should be brought to the top of the aquifer. After that, an open-type trunk with a diameter smaller than this characteristic of the casing is set up in the limestone. Through this hole, water enters the well. The pump is located below the elevated water level by 10 m. However, it is located in the casing.
Double casing artesian drilling is used when the aquifer is devoid of pressure. This option is also excellent for the case when the upper layers of limestone have sand lenses or some clay inclusions in their composition. Equipping the well, the craftsmen bring the first pipe to the limestone line, while the second is placed in the layer itself, it should have a less impressive diameter.
Drilling artesian wells may involve supplying them with a conductor. This technology is applied where the upper layers impede drilling, but the water in the aquifer is under pressure. Such a system is almost no different from a conventional well, but, as mentioned, has a conductor. This additional element is represented by a pipe with a larger diameter compared to this characteristic inherent in the casing.
Alternative Well Design Method
Artesian wells can be drilled by switching to pipes with less impressive diameters. Such work can be carried out with normal upper layers, which have loose sands, stones, etc. The aquifers should be distinguished by impressive pressure, while limestone should be checked for clay and sand deposits. A pipe of normal diameter is drawn to a difficult section, but a pipe with a smaller diameter is passed through problem areas. A pump is installed in it.
Choosing a place to install the well
Before drilling artesian wells for water, it is necessary to determine their location. It is important to identify the installation point of the equipment, as well as the drain area of the process fluid. The area of work is selected taking into account that it is closer to the entry point. This will be affected by the length of the trenches, pipes and the feature of the device.
For work, it will be necessary to allocate a flat territory, the dimensions of which will be limited to 4x12 m. Electric wires should not be located in a radius of 2 m. The working area is to be fenced.
Drilling operations
The technology of drilling an artesian well involves, at the first stage, the destruction of the soil, its rise, strengthening of the walls, installation of pipes and pumps. The drilling process itself is carried out by mobile units using roller cone bits. Work is carried out in parallel with the washing solution. This method helps to destroy even rock formations.
As soon as the upper sandy-clay layer is passed and the limestone is reached, the casing from pipes is installed on the latter, which eliminates wall shedding. After that, a bit of less impressive diameter is used, which opens the aquifer of limestone. At the same time, the soil is relentlessly removed, and a production casing is inserted inside . When the absorption of the wash solution reaches the desired value, the master beats the water level. If necessary, at this stage, a casing of the wellbore in limestone can be produced by a pipe of not so large diameter.
It is very difficult to independently carry out such work, if not to say that it is completely impossible. After all, experience and appropriate equipment are necessary. While professionals carry out the drilling process in the shortest possible time, guaranteeing water quality.