The key to a comfortable stay in a private house in the winter is the calculation of the system power and the correct installation of circuits, which will help reduce the energy used for heating. Therefore, when heating a private house with your own hands, the location of the pipes must be selected depending on the area of the heated room and the complexity of the system. The main link in the heating system is the boiler. The quality of heating the circuits and the amount of energy used depend on its power. Boilers come in solid fuels, electricity and gas, but there are only two types of pipe layout.
Heating scheme: private house
The heating system is single-pipe and two-pipe. A single pipe heating system needs higher pressure inside the circuits. Radiators are connected only in series, which does not allow you to adjust their power. If you reduce the power on one of them, the heating of the remaining radiators in the circuit will automatically decrease. In such a system, it is necessary to provide a vertical spill of the coolant. To do this, install vertical risers, and the expansion tank is located above the location of the circuit, for example, in the attic. The two-pipe system is much more efficient in this regard, but requires a greater consumption of materials during the installation process. The system provides two lines with a coolant. One line (upper) is the supply, and the second (lower) is the discharge. The lower discharge line is called a return line. When heating a private home is planned, the location of the pipes is indicated in the technical documentation. The diameter of the pipes must match the diameter of the inlets on the boiler. In circuits with natural circulation, the pipe slope is maintained at a rate of 5 mm per meter of the line. An expansion tank is installed at a height of at least 2.5-3 m from the boiler. The main circuit is closed in the boiler.
Coolant supply in the circuit
The coolant supply in the circuit is carried out in two ways:
- using natural circulation: the water in the line moves under the influence of its own gravity and temperature difference, while low pressure is created in the circuits;
- using forced circulation: the water in the line moves under the influence of the circulation pump, while the pressure inside the circuits is much higher - the drawback of this circulation is the dependence of the pump on electricity.
We do the heating of a private house with our own hands: the location of the pipes
To supply coolant to the radiators, the upper and lower wiring is used. In a one-pipe system, the coolant is supplied through vertical risers from the upper floor to the lower, and the cooled water again enters the supply circuit. That is why the contours on the upper and lower floors are heated unevenly, the lower floor will warm up worse. With the upper distribution in such a system, the hot coolant first enters the attic or other technical room (the highest point of the system) in the distribution tank, from which it is distributed down the circuits, first to the second floor, then to the first. When you install the heating of a private house with your own hands, the location of the pipes (risers) in the two-pipe system can be both horizontal and vertical. Also, a return place for water from the heating system circuits is provided. In a system with a lower wiring, the location of the pipes at the bottom of the system is used, and the movement of the coolant is organized from the bottom up. With such a wiring system, the layout of the heating pipes can be single-pipe and two-pipe.