If you build a two-story garage, you will get a multifunctional structure, where, in addition to the car, it will be possible to place inventory or make a residential attic on the second floor. In order not to encounter problems during the construction process, you must first create a project, according to which the construction will be carried out.
Design
The layout of the two-story garage should include the need to resolve the issue of for what purpose the second room will be used. It can be an attic or a room for storing car components. When it is not planned to have heavy furniture or other items with a large mass on the second floor, it will be enough to build reinforced load-bearing walls for this. However, in the case when the second floor is intended to be used as a living room, then not only the walls, but also the base under them will need to be strengthened. If a two-story garage will be created without a project, then you may encounter the fact that the foundation will not withstand the loads, which is why you need to make sure that the foundation is as reliable as possible.
Construction features: construction of a strip foundation
As soon as you have decided on the size of the future construction, marking is necessary in the selected area. A trench is excavated along the resulting contour, the depth of which should be equal to a meter, the final value will depend on the depth of freezing of the soil. If this mark is lower, it is recommended to deepen the trench. Otherwise, the thaw can cause a shift of the base and a violation of the integrity of the entire building.
Methodology
Sand and gravel are poured at the bottom, the layer thickness of which should reach 20 cm. At the next stage, formwork from the boards is equipped, and rod reinforcement is laid inside. When a two-story garage is built, the next step is to pour concrete, which is left for 30 days before hardening. After this, the base must be waterproofed by laying on the surface of the roofing material in 2 layers.
Wall construction
When a two-story garage is built of foam blocks, their minimum size should be 60x30x20 cm. For partitions, smaller products can be used. Laying the first row will be the most difficult, here it is necessary to fix the roughness of the foundation surface. Slots are covered with cement mortar, and irregularities are smoothed out with a plank with a grinding surface. The first row must be reinforced with reinforcing bars; for this, strobes are made in the blocks, where the reinforcing bars are laid.
A two-story garage must be laid out using a solution to which a plasticizer is added. Once the walls have been raised to a height of half a meter, you can proceed to install the garage door. Every fourth row in the area of gates and openings should be reinforced with reinforcement. If the first floor will be used for car storage, then the optimal height of the room will be 2.5 m, at this level, floors are installed for the construction of the second floor. After the walls are erected to the design level, it is possible to lay a belt of reinforced concrete, and then again to formwork, bandaging the space with reinforcing bars. The next step will be the pouring of concrete. In order to increase fire safety, inside the building it is necessary to finish the walls with dry or wet plaster, which has fire-fighting characteristics. Whereas the facade is usually decorated with high-quality professional flooring.
Second floor construction
The project of a two-story garage at the next stage provides for the creation of a gable roof system, which is formed on a rafter base. Walls of foam blocks should be erected above the frame, this is due to the fact that reinforced concrete slabs are fragile when compressed. After solidification of the concrete strapping, it is necessary to lay the floors, for which wooden beams or a reinforced concrete slab should be used. Then the ceiling is arranged, and work on thermal insulation is carried out on it.
To exit, a hatch and a convenient staircase are arranged, which can be wooden or metal. When creating a gable roof on a rafter base, the elements are installed at one end on a load-bearing wall, while their second end is placed on a column or middle wall. Butt to the beams are fixed boards that are covered with roofing material. As a covering material, it is best to use a tile or corrugated board. All walls are erected to the desired height using the same technology that is used for the first floor. For this, foam blocks are used that are laid on a cement mortar and reinforced with reinforcing bars.
Creating sectional doors
Sectional doors to the garage can be performed independently, while the canvas will consist of several panels, the height of which is approximately half a meter. The panels can be made of plastic, wood or steel, and their internal space is filled with thermal insulation in the form of polyurethane foam.
The elements are interconnected on hinge-type hinges, and couplings, rollers and other moving parts are made of steel plates.
To carry out gate manufacturing, it is necessary to prepare:
- wooden blocks;
- metal pins;
- corner on the rails;
- bracket;
- a spring;
- metal rod.
From the transverse and two vertical bars it is necessary to create a box by connecting the elements together with steel plates or squares. The lower part is buried 2 cm into the floor screed. When sectional doors to the garage are made, the box in the opening is secured with steel pins. The frame should be assembled, and then sheathed with a shield, laying sheet metal on the outside.
From the corner, you can support the mechanism, and in one of the shelves drill holes for fastening to the racks. In another shelf, 3 holes should be made to fix the spring bracket.
The spring support is made of a channel bracket, in order to fix it, it is necessary to drill three more holes. When a garage for 2 cars is built, you can follow the same rules, but in this case, the lower floor is recommended to be placed in the basement, but the gates can be carried out by the same method. An iron strip will be used to make an adjustment plate that will allow connecting the bracket and spring, in the latter the extreme parts are bent in the form of hooks, and a voltage regulator is attached below.
Conclusion
When a garage for 2 cars is built, the best thing is to make the first floor above the ground. Since the base will have to be additionally waterproofed from groundwater.