Work processes at medium and large industries and construction sites are often coupled with the use of hoisting machines and installations. Cargo movement operations are also mandatory in the supply chains of small shops, hotels, catering establishments, etc. Each time, the use of such equipment poses a certain danger to the materials being served and to working personnel. In order to secure lifting mechanisms and minimize the risks of accidents, one should carefully approach the observance of the rules for their operation and maintenance.
What is meant by hoisting gear?
The equipment that is used to work with goods is nowadays represented by an extensive assortment. Directly to the mechanisms include chains, winch systems, hoists and hooks with drives. This is the least demanding device for maintenance, but they can also perform very demanding loading and unloading tasks. Various types of cranes, manipulators, construction hoists, excavators, etc. are classified as machines. Storage hoisting machines and mechanisms should also be assigned to a separate category. As a rule, this segment is formed at the enterprises by stackers, forklifts, maneuverable lifts and various power propelled installations. Each of the noted types of hoisting equipment has its own abilities in terms of working functions and the possibility of operation in certain conditions.
Rules for preparing equipment for work
Preparatory processes may vary depending on the conditions of use of the equipment and its characteristics. Most often, the preparation involves a checkup for any malfunctions. Revision are exposed and the surface of the body, and the inner filling. Of particular note is the power plant, which is used on the same cranes and stackers. If necessary, the responsible person updates engine oil or transmission fluid. In addition, lifting mechanisms are carefully checked in parts of the law enforcement agencies, with the help of which work actions are carried out. At this stage, the reliability of fastening of functional components or attachments, the integrity of the parts, as well as the condition of the drive connection are evaluated. In some cases, the control electronics of the mechanism is also tuned.
Requirements for staff
Again, a lot of requirements of this kind depend on the specifics of a particular facility, but there are general or at least common rules for admitting employees to lifting work. These should be adults who have undergone a medical examination and special training to work in this area. In particular, members of the service team must know the sources of hazards and means of providing protection, be able to detect equipment malfunctions and defects, and carry out general commissioning and repair operations. Also, the list of responsibilities includes the ability to mount lifting mechanisms and configure them to work with objects of certain parameters. In particular, this applies to the installation of hoists, winches and attachments. The requirements for hoisting machine operators are already specialized and suggest their own specifics depending on the type of equipment.
Rules for the operation of hoisting mechanisms
The function of each unit of lifting equipment is implemented within a certain framework, due to general and local technical requirements. In particular, an enterprise can draw up its own technological maps, work projects, and instructions, according to which personnel perform their tasks. For example, the basic rules for the operation of equipment include the use of a signal system between different participants in the process. Sign exchange helps to safely and efficiently use lifting gear. The rules, in particular, prescribe in advance to approve the procedures for the mutual exchange of signals between crane operators and slingers. The instructions also provide for the movement and installation of cargo at a previously designated location. Deviation in the direction may disrupt coordination in other parts of the site and cause unforeseen risks. The results of the performance of work actions with violations are recorded in a special register.
Maintenance Rules
Work with a large mass inevitably leads to wear and tear of any equipment. The main task of those responsible for the technical maintenance of employees is to prevent breakdowns of mechanical elements, since the risk of their occurrence in the process of performing work actions can turn into a tragedy. Accordingly, maintenance includes regular inspection of the power structure for wear, excessive deformation, cracks and other defects. Along with this, there are quite regular mandatory measures that are not related to malfunctions. In this part, maintenance of lifting mechanisms may include the replacement of technical fluids, belt components, updating of fasteners, etc. To carry out repair work, a special project is prepared with recommendations on the technique for its implementation.
What is prohibited during the operation of the lifting gear?
Compliance with safety rules imposes many restrictions on the actions of participants in the workflow. For example, any handling of goods that have not been released from fixing or nearby materials is prohibited. Also, you can not lift the load if other materials that do not have special fastening are on its surface. It happens that during the disturbed movement of the crane or mounted manipulator slingers try to adjust the object from the ground. This also cannot be done, and for such actions safety chains with ropes are provided in advance. In addition, hoisting mechanisms cannot be used to feed moving objects into the openings of windows, balconies and doors. Exceptions include only cases when special venues are provided for admission.
Conclusion
All of the above rules, regulations and recommendations are designed to provide efficient, productive and, most importantly, safe work. To date, the operation of hoisting mechanisms is quite closely connected with electronic automation systems. The entry of new segments of the management infrastructure also requires special skills from staff. On the other hand, these same systems with multifunctional relays and control modules in some cases increase the reliability of operations by eliminating the risk of error on the part of the operator.