An integral element of each building containing more than two floors is a staircase. Marching design is considered the most reliable and simple, so most designers choose it.
The structure of the marching staircase structure in the best way corresponds to the biomechanics of human movements when climbing or descending stairs. In addition, they can significantly save the useful area of โโthe interior.
Stairwell Parameters
The main elements that make up the flight of stairs:
- Grounds and fences.
- Spans or marches.
- Supporting part.
A span or a march is the inclined part of a staircase with steps. Depending on the height between levels or floors, a span can include from three to fifteen steps.
A smaller amount is not practical to design, since in this case the difference between the levels can be overcome without using a ladder. However, climbing the march, which includes more than 15 steps, is likely to be tiring.
The flight of stairs is considered optimal, each span of which consists of 10-11 steps. The width of the marches should be at least 900 mm, the best range is 1000-1250 mm.
Marching stairs: platforms and their characteristics
When the planned structure goes too high, it is divided into two parts by intermediate sites. The width of the site cannot be less than the width of the span. Many masters prefer to make it even a little wider.
When calculating the dimensions of the sites, the standard length of the human step is taken into account. As a rule, the depth of this element of the staircase is 640 mm.
In their work, designers and craftsmen are always guided by the norms and rules that govern how sustainer flights should be designed and installed. GOST and SNiP are the main administrative documents governing the process of erecting stairs.
Of course, the appearance of the structure, material and location must be negotiated with the owner of the room, but the requirements for the strength of the fastenings and railings, the angle of the staircase and the height of the steps must be observed.
Types of marching stairs by the type of fastening to the support
There are staircases, steps and railings of which are fixed on the braces or on the bowstrings.
Bowstrings are oblique bearing supports to which staircases are adjacent along the entire length. The steps to the bowstrings are fixed with the end part. This type of design allows you to create a decorative and very beautiful staircase with complex elements and non-standard design techniques.
Kosour is a support supporting a flight of stairs from below. The design may include one or more kosour, and their number is affected by the width of the marches. This type refers to the traditional and is used when it is necessary to build a simple and reliable staircase.
Swivel Ladder Structures
A staircase consisting of one single march is called a straight line. This is the easiest type of staircase to design and manufacture. Often, it is the owners of private houses who plan to equip their housing on their own.
In the case when the marching staircase cannot be limited to one span (if the number of steps exceeds 15 pcs.), A rotary structure is designed.
Its advantage is the saving of the interior space of the room, as well as the ability to equip a utility room or pantry under the spans.
The marching staircase performs its functions in the best way, being installed in the corner formed by two adjacent walls.
Based on the stylistic features of the interior, the number of spans in the structure and its total height, the swing stair can be:
- Circular (360 degrees).
- Half-turn (180 degrees).
- Quarter-turn (90 degrees).
Cross-country steps: description, application, features
To achieve the greatest possible savings in living space, designers have resorted to the use of such an element as running steps. Their appearance differs significantly from the traditional symmetrical steps of a rectangular shape.
One of the sides of the rung is already the second. In this case, the minimum tread depth along the narrow edge should be at least 150 mm. Typically, these elements are used to equip spiral staircases. Also quite often with running steps they replace the platforms between the marches of the rotary structures. This allows more efficient use of available space.
Analyzing the reviews of people who use ladders with climbing steps, we can draw the following conclusions:
- Such elements significantly save space in the room (the minimum width of a spiral staircase is only 1300 mm).
- The presence of running steps gives the design an interesting and aesthetic appearance.
- A quick climb or descent along such steps is not possible due to their asymmetric shape.
- The need for continuous use of stairs with climbing steps causes fatigue faster (compared to traditional direct flights).
When planning to equip a staircase with runaway steps, care should be taken to ensure that the rooms that are used most often are located on the lower floors.
Materials for the manufacture of stairs
Today, staircases are made from a variety of materials:
- Tree.
- Metal.
- Concrete.
- A rock.
Most often, a combination of several of them is used, for example, wood with metal or PVC, concrete or stone with forged inserts, stainless steel with glass.
It is interesting that glass is increasingly used for the manufacture of stair railings, steps and platforms. It fits perfectly into modern interiors in a minimalist style. Of course, only reinforced and durable tempered glass is suitable for these purposes.
Despite the abundance of available materials, various types of wood remain the favorites . Of these, both the steps themselves and the platforms and fences are produced. A feature of using a wooden staircase is the need to care for its elements. Wood needs to be painted in a timely manner, coated with special impregnations and varnishes.
Railings for marching stairs
In the process of designing staircases, developers pay increased attention to fencing spans and sites. GOST sets the minimum railing height at 900 mm. This parameter is increased for fences constructed in public buildings, educational and medical institutions.
The installation of handrails and handrails ends with their strength test. Standards say that the railing must withstand a horizontal load of at least 30 kg / cm 3 . For public buildings, the parameters are increased to 100 kg / cm 3 .
The most durable are the flight of stairs, platforms and steel fences. Welding is usually used for their installation, but some structures can be assembled mechanically.
Fencing safety
When designing a staircase for a residential building, designers take into account the possibility of children staying on the premises. This is important, because there are cases when children were injured while climbing on balusters and fences.
Therefore, the rules set the minimum distance between adjacent balusters - 100 mm. The use of inclined or horizontal rungs is also prohibited.