Modern children are really significantly different from the previous generation - and these are not just words. Innovative technologies have radically changed the lifestyle of our crumbs, their priorities, opportunities and goals. What do adults do? How and what to teach kids? Indeed, the knowledge that educators passed on to children a few years ago has become irrelevant today. The answer to this question is contained in such a document, which has the name "federal state standard." What is GEF of preschool education, we will describe in detail in this article.
Federal state educational standard - what is it?
What does the abbreviation GEF mean? It stands for federal state education standard. This is a document drawn up by the authorized body of the Russian Federation, which displays the requirements for the process of practical implementation of educational activities. It is used by the Federal State Educational Standard in pre-school educational institutions, schools, secondary specialized educational institutions and universities. In particular, it indicates the requirements, norms and recommendations for the curriculum of educational institutions.
Federal Institute for Educational Development
In order to draw up a state standard for education, colossal research and scientific work was required. The authorized body of the Russian Federation, which has the abbreviation FIRO, conducted such activities. GEF early childhood education also compiled this research institute.
This state body was formed back in 2004 by combining several research institutes. Reported directly to the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. In 2011, received the status of an autonomous scientific institution.
Relevance of GEF
In order to successfully implement the educational function of the modern generation in the Russian Federation, back in 2003, they began to discuss at the state level the need to create unified generalized requirements for the knowledge and skills of pupils of educational institutions at various levels.
Thus, already in 2004, the educational standard of the first generation was created. He was introduced into the practical activities of various educational institutions, including the standards of the Federal State Educational Standard in the DOE.
After that, the document is regularly updated. At the same time, the development of modern technological progress and the requirements of society are taken into account.
GEF is drawn up in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
What is the standard of education for?
What is GEF of preschool education, why is this document needed in the DOE? GEF is created, first of all, for systematization, logical integration of the educational process. The document allows you to organize educational work in such a way that children do not experience big difficulties when moving to a new level of education, namely they are equipped with the necessary and sufficient knowledge, have a certain level of psychological preparation.
The federal state educational standard is the main document on the basis of which curricula are developed. It is the standard that determines the content of the entire educational process: what and how to teach children, what results need to be achieved and in what time frames. The work program on GEF in the DOW has certain features, which we will describe in detail in the corresponding section.
The document allows you to plan the work of educational institutions, which is directly reflected in their financing. Thanks to the established standards, work is also being carried out with pedagogical staff - schedules for professional development, re-certification are being developed, the work of methodological associations is being organized. Various forms of monitoring the level of training of pupils are also compiled taking into account the requirements of the educational standard.
Education Standard Structure
What is GEF early childhood education? This is a clearly structured document of the requirements for the organization of educational work in a preschool educational institution. It consists of three levels:
- Educational program requirements. This section includes the norms and criteria that teachers must consider when planning the learning process. Namely, the volume of mandatory approved material is indicated, the ratio of different directions. The standard also involves the introduction of additional directions, sections of knowledge, which are formed directly by participants in the educational process, into the work program. Taking into account all the requirements of the document, the GEF program of preschool education is drawn up.
- Requirements that provide for the implementation of the compiled program. This refers not only to the direct assimilation of knowledge and skills by the pupils, but also the financial, material and technical implementation of the educational process, work with the teaching staff, parents of children and other conditions that were planned at the stage of the formation of the educational program.
- In the last section, which includes the state standard of education, the requirements for the results of the educational process are indicated. It also examined various aspects of the educational process. The document indicates not only the minimum required level of training for pupils, but also the timing of the tasks, as well as the professional development of teachers.
The GEF work program at the Kindergarten must take into account all the requirements of the state educational standard.
Implementation of the educational standard
In the educational process, the standard is implemented in the form of basic training programs, which, in turn, must include plans, schedules, work programs for each subject. For example, the Federal State Educational Standards for Mathematics in DOW does not imply so much learning in numbers and counting as the development of the concepts of “quantity”, “group”, and solving life situations.
In addition to programs, based on the requirements of the standard, methodological literature and control and evaluation materials are compiled.
GEF preschool education: basic
A distinctive feature of the educational standard of the new generation is a completely innovative approach to the process of education of children. If previously the goal was the transfer of knowledge from the teacher to the child, the consolidation of the necessary level of skills, today the main task is the formation of an integrated harmoniously developed personality. Thus, the GEF program of preschool education should contain not so much the requirements for student knowledge, but rather focus on the psychological aspect of the formation of the pupil as a participant in modern society. In accordance with this, when designing a program, the following factors should be taken into account:
- GEF requirements and regional standards;
- material and technical capabilities of the preschool educational institution;
- affordable means of organizing work;
- orientation, forms and methods of teaching in a particular educational institution;
- conditions for the organization of the educational process in the DOE;
- social order of a specific area;
- type of educational institution;
- age and individual opportunities of pupils.
In addition, the main educational program of the preschool educational institution in the Federal State Educational Standard must comply with the following conditions:
- Not to contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the law "On Education", other regional and internal orders.
- Guarantee the preservation and strengthening of children's health.
- Ensure the interaction of the teacher with the family of pupils.
- Be able to psychologically and physically prepare the child for school.
- Ensure equal conditions of education regardless of ethnic, religious affiliation, social status, place of residence.
- Be consistent with the school curriculum.
The main goal of the GEF program
Preschool education under the conditions of the Federal State Educational Standard sets the main goal of the entire educational process to develop a harmonious personality of the pupil. That is, giving kids a certain amount of knowledge is not enough today. It is much more important to familiarize the child with society, the rules and norms of behavior in it, as well as develop the skills of independence, responsibility, interaction with other people, learn to show their individual characteristics and talents, be an active member of modern society.
Undoubtedly, such results can be achieved only with a certain amount of knowledge. Therefore, teaching a child the basics of science is an equally important task of a preschool educational institution, but the criteria for evaluating the assimilation of such material by children are quite flexible. Today it is not necessary to be able to read, sitting down for the first time at the school desk, but it is important that the first-grader be psychologically prepared for the upcoming educational activities. So, the baby should be able to communicate with peers, be assiduous, have hold attention and much more. The document outlines the targets of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education.
GEF core areas of knowledge
There are only five main areas in which the content of the educational program in the preschool educational institution should be developed:
- Cognitive development. As a result of educational activities, within the framework of the planned period, children should achieve a persistent research interest in the world, natural and social phenomena in it.
- Speech. Depending on the age, specific standards are developed for this criterion. So, in the senior group of preschool children, children should have a coherent, logically correct speech.
- Artistic and aesthetic. This direction involves introducing students to artistic and musical works, familiarizing themselves with culture and art, as well as developing individual creative abilities and fine motor skills.
- The socio-psychological section involves the adaptation of the child in a peer team, teaching the baby the rules of behavior in the group, the formation of psychological comfort and social status as a necessary element of the existence of the group.
- The physical direction includes sports, wellness treatments, classes on railways at the preschool educational institution.
GEF of preschool and primary education closely interact, are successive. Therefore, work in the lower grades of the school is planned in the same areas.
Features of the compilation of the work program in the DOW on GEF
In order to start compiling an educational program in a pre-school institution on GEF, you should clearly understand the structure of the document. So, its content should consist of 2 parts:
- according to GEF in the DOW;
- compiled by the participants in the educational process.
The first part indicated must be displayed in full. The second is a recommendation and is formed individually.
The program should contain the following sections:
- The title page, which indicates the name of the program, the authors, when and by whom is approved.
- Explanatory note. It reveals the relevance of the selected work, the basic concept of the document, the goals and objectives of the work, the timing of their implementation.
- The regime of the day in the DOW.
- The content of educational work in the individual areas. Including the methodological package of work (what basic and additional programs are used, educational technologies, the availability of teaching aids). The structure of the educational work system (daily routines, study grids, employee work schedules, workload).
- Estimated results of work during the school year.
- Testing and appraisal work in a preschool educational institution (both for pupils and for teaching staff).
GEF Program Targets
According to the requirements of the state educational standard, intermediate and final certification of knowledge is excluded in the DOE. It is important to check not the facts learned, but the child’s psychological readiness for the next stage of education - the school. In connection with this requirement, specific targets of the Federal State Educational Standard of preschool education were formed, evaluating which you can determine the level of readiness of the preschooler to transfer to first grade:
- the child shows a positive attitude to the world, people and himself;
- the preschooler is able to independently determine the task, to complete it;
- initiative in games and educational activities is noted;
- A conscious understanding and implementation of the rules, norms, requirements of society has been achieved;
- speech is understood by others, correctly constructed;
- the ability to independently solve problem or conflict situations is developed;
- large and small motility corresponds to age;
- in the activity manifests creativity, thinking outside the box;
- possession of strong-willed qualities is noted;
- the child is inquisitive, observant.
Types of educational programs
There are 2 types of basic educational programs in preschool educational institutions:
- general developmental (including various directions);
- specialized (narrowly focused).
The first include the program "Rainbow", "Development", "Baby" and others. Specialized - this is environmental, artistic and aesthetic, physical, social education.
In addition to the above-mentioned programs, additional, for example, circle work documents, are used in separate DOWs.
In this article, we explained what the GEF of preschool education is, and how to implement the set requirements in pedagogical practice. It is important for methodologists of preschool institutions to correctly convey the basic requirements of the document to teachers, to teach them how to apply innovations in their work. After all, GEF is a document that helps to organize educational activities taking into account the social order and modern requirements of society. Thanks to this document, the generation of our children is trained in a completely innovative format, leaving behind the convictions of the past.