Until recently, growing grapes in central Russia, the Urals and Siberia seemed completely impossible. Recently, however, breeders have developed a huge number of winter-hardy varieties that feel great, including in the northern regions.
Isabelle raisins
Gardeners of the Moscow region, the Volga region, Siberia and the Urals, who want to grow grapes in their suburban area, should first of all pay attention to such varieties. They are great for planting next to gazebos, awnings, fences and walls. In terms of taste, isabella raisins are somewhat inferior to table varieties. However, at the same time they make very tasty compotes and wines. The most common raisins of frost - resistant grape varieties are:
Grade Relines Pink Sidlis
This hybrid was bred in America in the 80s. Its main distinguishing features are a very early ripening period (110 days) and seedless berries. Also, the advantages of this variety include resistance to fungal diseases and a high coefficient of fertility (1.9). The berries in this variety are quite small (2-3 g). Rails pink sidlis can tolerate lower temperatures to -30 degrees. Therefore, it is not necessary to cover it for the winter.
Grapes Lydia
This is one of the most common frost-resistant technical varieties. Its distinctive features are very small loose clusters and pink berries. The taste of this grape is very unusual - sweet, reminiscent of strawberries. The advantages of the Lydia variety include transportability of the fruit, resistance to powdery mildew and mildew, the ability to self-pollination, frost resistance. Among the shortcomings, summer residents note a lack of resistance to phylloxera, the rapid growth of stepsons, shedding of berries in a strong wind.
It is necessary to make wine from this sort with exact observance of technology. With various kinds of violations, it can secrete substances harmful to the human body (causing sclerosis). Fresh berries are absolutely safe.
Unpretentious varieties
Very often, summer residents of Siberia, the Central regions and the Urals grow unpretentious table frost-resistant grape varieties. By taste, the berries of these varieties are inferior to dessert. However, they do not require increased attention to themselves. The most popular varieties of this group include:
- Tukay;
- Codryanka;
- Aleshenkin.
All this is very good suitable winter-hardy grape varieties for the Moscow Region non-covering. These varieties feel great in the Urals, and in Siberia, and in the Volga region.
Tukay variety
This early ripe grape is characterized by vigorous growth and high yield. The clusters of the Tukay variety are very large - they can reach a weight of up to 1 kg, and the berries are medium in size (2-6 g). The advantages of this variety include the ability to store berries for a long time (until April) and resistance to mold. The main disadvantage of Tukai is considered to be low resistance to disease.
Grapes Kodryanka
It is also a super early vigorous table variety, the main advantage of which is its high resistance to diseases. The clusters of this grape can reach a mass of 600 g. The yield of the Kodryanka variety is excellent. A distinctive feature of this grape is the low acidity of the berries. You can eat them already with a set sugar content of 12%. Like many other winter-hardy grapes, suitable for the Urals and other cold regions, Kodryanka gives not too sweet, but quite tasty berries. A certain disadvantage of this variety is the tendency to pea.
Aleshenkin
This variety was developed by mixing pollen from several varieties of garden grapes. Its main advantages are excellent taste qualities of berries, early ripeness and high productivity. The clusters of grapes Aleshenkin are very large, can reach a weight of 0.7-2.5 kg. The color of the berries in this variety is amber with a slight white coating. Each berry can gain weight up to 5 g. Its resistance to diseases is average.
Moody Dessert Grapes
Of course, summer residents of the Central Strip, the Urals and Siberia are grown and very sweet, but at the same time quite whimsical not too frost-resistant grape varieties. For the Moscow region and other fairly cold regions, they do not fit too well, but with proper care, they can also be grown with some success. Paradoxical is the fact that in Siberia they grow better even than in the Middle lane. This happens because in this cold region there are no "black frosts", that is, snow cover in winter is always quite thick. The most popular dessert frost-resistant varieties include:
Husain Grapes (Lady's fingers)
This is one of the oldest varieties of folk selection. Its main advantage is simply excellent taste, large clusters with very elongated berries, yield and vigor. This grape can tolerate frosts, but no more than -12 degrees. Therefore, he does not belong to uncovered. For the winter, you need to bend it to the ground and pull the film. Husaine must not be planted on poor soils or in places exposed to wind. This sweet grape is also not very resistant to disease.
Variety Cardinal
This grape was bred by American breeders. The frost-resistant grape varieties obtained on this continent for Siberia, the Urals, the Moscow Region and other cold regions are often very good. The main distinguishing features of the Cardinal variety are quite large clusters (up to 520 g) and simply huge berries (up to 3 cm in diameter). The advantages of the Cardinal variety include, first of all, excellent taste. The berries of this grape have a very juicy sweet and slightly crunchy flesh and a faint musky aroma. Moreover, they are transportable and can be stored up to 3 months.
The disadvantages of the variety include sensitivity to parasites and pathogenic microorganisms. The yield of this grape is highly dependent on weather conditions. Like the Cardinal, it should be carefully sheltered for the winter.
Early ripening hybrids
Particularly appreciated by summer residents, of course, frost-resistant grapes of a very early ripening period. These, in addition to Relines and Aleshenkin, include:
- Memory of Dombkovskaya;
- Tomich.
Early frost-resistant grape varieties, photos of which can be seen below, are well suited for growing in cold regions, primarily because their berries have time to ripen even in the most unfavorable summers.
Grapes Memory of Dombkowska
This early ripe variety has a high yield and is able to withstand frosts down to -28 degrees. It refers to the dining room. The grape berries of Solder Dombkowska are average in size and are collected in small clusters. Their distinguishing feature is a very dark, almost black color. Their pulp is juicy, tastes sweet and sour. The advantages of the variety include resistance to disease and high productivity.
Like many other frost-resistant grape varieties, for the Urals, Siberia and the Central Strip, they are very good, Pamyatka Dombkovskaya is distinguished by the fact that its berries can ripen even in the most unfavorable summers. Today it is one of the most promising varieties regarding cultivation in cold regions of the country.
Grape Tomich
Variety Tomich also refers to early ripening hybrids. Bred he was a breeder R.F. Sharov. The clusters of Tomich grapes are medium in size, and the berries are white, round, very sweet. They are consumed mainly fresh. Variety Tomich can be used as a winter-hardy stock in areas with the most adverse climates.
Mid-season varieties
The grapes of this variety are also very appreciated by Siberian and Ural summer residents. Such varieties are also grown in the Middle Strip, Moscow Region, and the Baltic States. The most popular mid-season varieties include:
These frost-resistant grape varieties, the photo and description of which will be given below, do not require shelter for the winter, are unpretentious and are able to produce high yields.
Grapes Dubinushka
This is also a variety of selection of R.F. Sharov. Its distinguishing features are very large berries with good taste. The advantages of the Dubinushka variety are primarily unpretentiousness and high productivity. The frost resistance of this grape is average, and it should be covered for the winter. This grape is best suited for cultivation in southern Siberia.
Katyr
This is another interesting selection of R.F. Sharova. The clusters are very small (142-250 g) loose. The berries are also small in size and navy blue. Katyr grapes ripen in early September. Berries with a peculiar taste can hang on the bushes for a very long time and are practically not damaged by wasps.
All the frost-resistant grapes described above (with the exception of dessert) do not require shelter for the winter and are relatively unpretentious. However, care for grapes of any variety, of course, is necessary. This crop should be watered periodically. Also, grapes need to be fed. It requires most varieties and pruning to regulate the crop. Mostly vines of isabel cultivars do not need this procedure.