Before talking about proverbs and sayings, we turn to the concept of aphorism. Translated from Greek, this means "a short saying." Unlike the usual sentence, the aphorism is a finished, deep, generalized and honed thought that is unexpected and expressive.
What is common between aphorisms, proverbs and sayings?
If you want to know what proverbs are, then you need to understand the concept of aphorism. They are slightly different from it in form, going back to folklore, but, in fact, also remain brief complete thoughts.
By the definition of V. I. Dahl, the proverb is divided into two parts, the first of which is a judgment, and the second is its interpretation. Her artistry and extraordinary expressiveness was emphasized by A.S. Pushkin, expressing his admiration. Many of the proverbs reflected the ancient rites, the features of the former ways of life and were forgotten. As N.V. Gogol said, the Russian man had to get out under the burden of a difficult life, which was expressed in his accurate and accurate sayings.
A distinctive feature of the saying is that it rather expresses an emotional judgment, the essence of which must be guessed. She is also folklore. The proverb often omits interpretation if the judgment is obvious. This is stated in the dictionary of V.I. Dahl, where he no longer divides it into two parts. He believes that the proverb is a parable, a sermon, a kind of popular sentence. The boundaries between these three kinds of sayings are very blurred. Quite often, the interpretation is hidden behind folklore, which is understood only by the people. Many statements are combined and published together on many sites, giving the reader the opportunity to understand what proverbs and sayings are, as well as aphorisms.
The relevance of brief sayings
Proverbs allow you to find the shortest paths in achieving a goal in the process of communication. No one can object to them, since they do not require evidence and are taken on faith immediately. How can one decide to oppose folk wisdom? Acting on the subconscious of the interlocutor, proverbs warn his objections. Moreover, they contain the preferred line of conduct of the interlocutor, which is determined by interpretation. The saying is just a hint, and it is not known how a person will act in this case. Proverbs among the people often had class implications. The authorities did not like this, and they excluded them from publications. But most of the wisdom of the people has been preserved through communication and retelling from generation to generation.
Proverbs reflect different points of view, sometimes completely opposite. This is due to the fact that people have different attitudes to life, and this attitude is manifested through sayings. It is possible that they are all correct if applied to the relevant situation. In one case, you should do this, and in the other - differently. What are the proverbs? The main themes of the proverbs are work, friendship, books and money.
Love and friendship
What are the proverbs about friendship and love? The theme is very popular. Such relationships can have diverse interpretations: “You can’t get to know a friend without misfortune”, “A bad world is better than a good quarrel”, “With some people it’s good to sit in nettles”. The first proverb says that a true friend is known in difficulties. The second means that it is better to live in peace, and not in a quarrel. In the third proverb, it is proposed not to be friends with everyone, otherwise there will be trouble. Proverbs about love: “Love is submissive to all ages”, “If there was a neck, there would be a collar”, “You won’t be forcibly sweet.” These three sayings put together a whole palette of relationships. Here is the hope of finding a loved one at any age, and the fear that marriage will take away freedom, and the lack of hope that tender feelings will be mutual. And in other situations, these same sayings will take on different shades. It all depends on how to use them skillfully. In some cases, they will be helpers in communication, while in others they will turn against.
Money and what is associated with it
Money means wealth, comfort, prosperity, prestige. This topic is always the main one. For a long time it was not customary to talk about them, as well as about sex. At the same time, money enters into economic and social life. The economic approach creates and regulates the framework of human behavior. What are the proverbs about money? The attitude towards them is different for each era, but, in fact, for people, the state is of paramount importance: "Money makes a path." Now, time is especially appreciated. This is consistent with the saying: "Time is money." Paths are open everywhere with them: "For your penny, good for everyone." There is human greed nearby: "Shovels money rowing." The topic of money is always accompanied by fraud and deception: "He who lies, he takes the money." Poverty and wealth are always determined by money: “Grief is belted with a bast”, “And there are teeth, but nothing to eat”, “We are relatives, but our money is strangers”. The Russian man is always prudent: "The penny saves the ruble."
Patience and work
The people who are accustomed to rely only on themselves, the topic of work always comes first. What are the proverbs about labor? They exist in a wide variety of forms. From childhood, often heard adults sayings about work, craft, skill. Labor has always been appreciated and respected. True masters knew how difficult it is to achieve a good result. People’s proverbs say this: “Skill and work - they will grind everything!”, “There is patience - there will be skill”, “Income does not live without hassle.”
Popular proverb "Do not waste time in vain." Affairs was always given most of the time, and people left very little for entertainment.
The people did not like loafers and people heavy on the rise. No one wanted to do the work for them. They were laughed at and found all sorts of shortcomings: "Take a ride on the gratuitous", "Laziness is getting better at work."
The modern proverb “The work of fools loves” has an ambiguous interpretation. On the one hand, she sets out the position of a loafer, and on the other, she warns that one should not undertake any kind of job. The phrase “Horses die from work” has a similar meaning. For a foolish person or an unreasonable animal, work is only harmful. Many popular sayings have a sharp social orientation, reflecting real events.
What can we tell us about the book ...
What are the proverbs about the book? Hard times have come for her now, and it is not known what will happen next with this wonderful source of knowledge. Most likely, paper media will yield to Internet memory, computer hard drives and external media. Without them, it is impossible to gain knowledge: "Empty labor - to fish without a hook and learn without a book." The expression “I have read a lot, but not taken into account” can mean an inattentive study of the text or that the reader has not yet grown to this work.
The people warns: "When reading books, remember business." Everything has a measure.
In the process of reading, you come closer to an awareness of reality. A very popular expression: "Through the mouth of babies, the truth speaks."
What do the books say?
Books often write about truth and falsehood, happiness and sorrow, justice, fate. What are the proverbs about the truth? Many see it, but do not want to recognize it if it is not profitable for them: “Lies will not bring in good”, “Apply every lie to yourself”.
If you are not lucky for a long time, then in the end, luck comes: "There would be no happiness, but grief helped."
The books say a lot about justice: “What you reap, you reap”, “They carry water to those who are offended.” Empty discontent will not lead to anything good, but will only aggravate the situation.
About a difficult situation we can say this: "God will judge." You should not make hasty decisions yourself, but rather wait until life itself puts everything in its place.
Conclusion
Brief sayings invade our lives, helping and helping out with their depth, ambiguity and deep philosophical meaning. They laid the generalized wisdom of the peoples of the world, which has been collected for centuries. It is only necessary to learn to understand and apply them correctly. Read proverbs, sayings and aphorisms. This spiritual food is an excellent dessert to the material.