The article will talk about the nodes of the frame house. The construction of such structures is very similar to the assembly of the Lego constructor. It is imperative to have a scheme for assembling the entire house. The reliability and strength of the entire structure directly depend on the build quality of all nodes. In our article, we will consider the features of all the main nodes, as well as the connections used in the construction of frame houses. The most important thing is that we will pay attention to how the fixation of the upper and lower harness, jib, struts, crossbar is correctly performed.
Bottom harness
This is a frame made of wooden beams or planks joined together. The frame is laid on the surface of the foundation and is one of the main nodes of the frame wooden house. As a rule, pile-screw foundations or slabs are made under frame houses. First, lay the foundation on a concrete foundation.
These are boards that are placed under the lower trim. With the help of these boards level the foundation, you can hide all the flaws that were allowed during pouring. The lower harness is fastened with anchor bolts. Between these anchors there should be a distance of no more than half a meter. But be sure to place fasteners at the ends of the beams.
How to put an anchor
In order to install the anchor, it is necessary to make holes in the foundation with a certain depth. They should pass completely through the entire board, and also go deep into the concrete base. The depth of twisting and drilling of the anchor joint is determined by the height at the walls of the house. Also, the method depends on what design the foundation has. At a height of about 3 m, it is necessary to install the anchor in concrete to a depth of 15 to 20 cm. The article provides drawings of units of frame houses and types of joints.
Another option for installing anchors is the concreting of studs when pouring the foundation. First, fill in a concrete slab or tape, in the right places you need to insert hollow stud-cones in the concrete, which have an internal thread. As soon as the concrete hardens, it is just necessary to screw the anchor into these studs.
What are the features of anchor joints
When using an anchor connection, certain difficulties will arise if you do not adhere to such recommendations:
- In the beam, it is necessary to drill holes about 3 mm larger than the diameter of the anchor stud.
- It is necessary to put wide washers under the heads of the anchor bolts, this will significantly increase the contact area with the surface of the beam. This will also increase the strength of the fasteners.
Before fixing using anchors, it is necessary to waterproof. Several layers of roofing material are necessarily laid on concrete, it is allowed to cover the foundation with special waterproof compounds or mastic.
In the design of the frame house there are not very many nodes, but their installation must be performed correctly. After carrying out all installation work, it is necessary to check the horizontal position of the structure. Deviation is allowed no more than 0.5 degrees for every 3 m.
Bottom harness on a column foundation
The fixture, which was described above, is used when fixing the lower strapping of the frame house on a slab or strip foundation. In the same case, if you use a columnar base, it is recommended to choose a slightly different scheme:
- In order to make installation as convenient as possible, it is necessary to provide the upper part of the supports with a flat horizontal headband with holes.
- It is necessary to lay timber beams on these headbanders; they serve as a grillage. Then, holes of the required length are drilled in wooden beams. They need to be drilled for the holes that are already in the headband.
- Secure the beam with bolts or screws.
- It is absolutely necessary to fix the beam on the foundation.
It is worth noting that shallow plates and tapes can move at low temperatures, and over significant distances. Therefore, you can guarantee durability and reliability only if you make a quality connection of the lower harness and the extra.
The design of the nodes of the frame structure
Vertical frame racks must be installed on top of the lower trim, fasteners are made using nails. The nodes of the frame house are connected either with corners of metal or with T-shaped plates. It is worth noting that such a connection is much simpler. The fixing of wooden beams is carried out using metal nails. A more complex but reliable connection is made using the joint and partial cutting of the lower beam.
For framed corner supports, you can use the joint without cutting. In the main nodes of frame houses, a butt joint and fixation using corners or plates is used. To do do-it-yourself installation work, this method is perfect. In the same case, if professionals work, you need to use a connection with a partial insert.
Partial felling
It is necessary that the cutting has a size of approximately 30-50% of the thickness of the timber used in the lower harness.
Fixation of the corner joint without tapping should be done using metal plates or wood screws. It is necessary to use angles made of steel with reinforcement and holes. The screws should be durable - golden or silver (this is how they can be distinguished, black will not work).
It should be noted that the nodes of the connection of wooden structures in the frame house must be made strong, you can strengthen the corners for fixing the house by processing. To do this, the metal plates in the manufacture are simply hardened. You can also use metal of a greater thickness - 2 or 3 mm.
When to use cutting
Partially cut joints are often used to mount the posts in the middle of the wall. Supports need to be installed in pre-prepared recesses and fixed with ordinary nails. After this, it is necessary to supplement the vertical fixation with the help of jibs. These are diagonally inclined slats that abut on one side in a horizontal strapping, and on the other in a vertically positioned rack. To increase convenience, the ends are made beveled. To do this, just cut off part of the front side.
Upper harness
The upper harness is laid on supports located vertically. This is done after the corner posts are mounted. In the event that the house has a rather large perimeter, it is also necessary to install intermediate poles. Only then can the upper harness be installed.
After the upper row is installed, you need to fix the temporary jibs that must pass through the entire wall. Next, fix all the other vertical posts, as well as jibs to them. After all installation work, you can remove the temporary elements.
How to conveniently assemble the walls
It is very convenient to fix the connection nodes of the walls of the frame house in a prone position, while connecting the lower strapping elements, vertical posts, jibs, crossbars, and the upper strapping. And after that you need to raise the walls in a vertical position, you will only have to fasten all the walls of the frame house among themselves. In order to make the joints as strong as possible, you need to use the second upper harness, which is lapped first.
No need to cut the board to make the connection "in the paw." Such a method with cutting the end part can violate the integrity of the board, therefore, the entire structure will weaken. On top of the second strapping, it is necessary to lay the beams of floors. They are installed on the end, the distance should depend on the size of the spans. Fasteners are made using nails.
Wall corners
The corners of frame houses are the places where the maximum heat loss occurs. Usually it is here that condensation accumulates, so the warming of the corners is carried out first. When assembling the frame, care must be taken to ensure that all corners of the structure are as warm as possible. To do this, it is necessary to position the fixing flat plate on the outside of the vertical beam. It will allow you to connect single-level adjacent surfaces of the vertical column and horizontally located beams.
Corner insulation
Fixation angles are located on the side. They connect perpendicular surfaces. If you are building a frame house in a region with a very cold climate, it is best to use not solid wooden beams as side vertical racks, but racks made of several planks. This design will look something like a well.
It is necessary to mount a heater inside this well, it will allow to keep heat, and also limit its possible losses. The window assembly in frame houses must also be made as warm as possible; for this, single racks are used. But it is necessary to remove the load from the door and window openings with the help of crossbars.
They must be fixed to the entire length of the wall with the help of cuts in all racks located vertically. It should also be noted that under each window there should be at least 1-2 vertical supporting boards.