Education in our country is officially considered a priority area of activity of the state. For the proper functioning of such a large-scale social institution, effective regulatory and incentive tools are needed.
Educational law is a set of legal norms that control the activities of educational entities. Also in the sphere of its influence is the process of educating the young generation. In particular, educational law operates in three major areas:
1. It acts as an arbiter between the subjects of educational activities in the recognition of an educational institution on an international scale (the human right to education, the legality of international cooperation between educational institutions, etc.).
2. Regulation of relations between educational institutions and state bodies (certification, accreditation, creation, licensing and other necessary procedures).
3. Educational law establishes the order of relations between educational institutions and students or their parents. These include the rules for admission to educational institutions, a list of areas of educational programs, the content of final exams, etc.
The sources of educational law are international and Russian legal laws, norms and acts regulating the sphere of education.
International sources of law include the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 28), the Declaration of Human Rights (Article 26), the Convention against Discrimination in Education (Article 1) and other international agreements.
The Russian laws regulating the state policy in the field of education include the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” (1992) and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” (1996).
In addition to the two basic laws, there are also:
1. Profile “segmental” laws related to a particular field of education.
2. Non-core, containing legal norms and regulatory acts. To them
include:
1) decrees of the President of the Russian Federation;
2) Government decisions affecting a particular problem in the field of educational activities;
3) other normative acts adopted in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with partial independence. The adopted norms must not contradict the basic federal laws.
Educational law guarantees that the population receives quality knowledge,
conforming to international standards. In addition, a number of requirements must be observed in the learning process. In this regard, the following principles of educational law in Russia are officially singled out:
1. The humanistic nature of education, the protection of life and health, the recognition of the human right to freedom of self-realization, the development of personality, creative abilities.
2. Education in the student diligence, courage, respect for others, love of nature, for family, for the homeland.
3. Observance of a unified cultural and educational standard, but at the same time, preservation of national characteristics and promotion of regional traditions.
4. Accessibility and quality of education, as well as its adaptability.
5. Secular character.
6. Freedom and pluralism.
7. Democratic management of educational institutions, their autonomy.