🏆 👃🏽 🈚️ Building a barn: options, necessary materials, installation features, photos 👨🏾‍🚒 🌷 ㊙️

The purpose of the article is to tell the reader how to do the construction of a barn with their own hands. Summer residents engaged in plant growing or cattle breeding need this room. The main thing is that it can be built independently from inexpensive building materials. If you follow the instructions that are given in the article, the result will be to build a multifunctional and reliable structure.

Options

Before starting the construction of the barn, it is necessary to decide for what purpose this non-residential building is being constructed. The more functions that are assigned to a structure, the more thorough its design should be. For example, a shed in which only garden equipment will be stored - shovels, forks, rakes, etc. - does not require the construction of a foundation. However, such a structure is considered temporary, and not capital. The latter option requires a solid foundation and strong walls. In the capital shed, summer residents can store:

building materials;
transport - boats, bicycles, motorcycles, etc .;
lawn mowers;
fishing equipment;
vegetables and fruits;
coal and dry wood for kindling a stove or fireplace;
hay and others

In addition, often such buildings are used as housing for pets and as workshops where various machine tools are installed. There are many options for building sheds. The walls of the building can be built from the following materials:

boards, logs, bars, etc .;
gas, foam or cinder blocks;
bricks;
rubble stones;
metal (for example, corrugated board);
plastic;
sandwich panels.

By design, the premises in question are classified into such varieties:

with or without windows;
with one input or several.

Thanks to such a wide variety of options, building a barn in a summer cottage is a simple but time-consuming task, since you will have to build a foundation, walls, roof and finish the room with facing materials. But first, it is necessary to distinguish the place on the site where this object will be built.

Project development

Before starting construction, you need to legalize the object. To do this, you need a competent project plan, which will indicate the size of the barn and take into account other nuances. Of course, the premises may not be officially registered, but in such a case the local authorities can not only issue a fine to the landlord, but also demand the dismantling of the illegally constructed building.

Economic shed - a room in which sometimes not only a room for storing property is equipped, but also a bathroom (whether it is combined or not - it does not matter). To create a project, you need to consider the following points:

The total area of the building.
Zoning of space into separate functional zones. According to the designers, incendiary mixtures and, for example, hay cannot be stored in one room. In this case, you will have to create a drawing, which will take into account such nuances.
Type of soil on the site where the construction of the object is planned.
Location of utilities.
The number of window and doorways.
The presence of a shower room.
Building materials from which individual parts of the building structure will be constructed: foundation, walls, roof, etc.

It is advisable to order a project from professional firms, since the slightest mistake made during the creation of the drawing will cause a rejection of the request to legalize the structure.

Seat selection

The main thing is that the neighbors are not against the construction of the barn, since the building can obscure their area. The choice of location depends on the type of premises, the location of the garden, garden and other facilities. An equally important role is played by the soil on which the construction of the object is planned. For example, if loamy soil prevails on the site, a columnar foundation will have to be arranged. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the following requirements before starting the construction of a country shed:

The room where solid fuel (coal, firewood) is planned to be stored is being erected as close as possible to the house. Builders recommend constructing a shed from the same material as the main building.
If a building with an area of up to 50 m ² will be used as a subsidiary farm, it is located behind a residential building or summer kitchen at a distance established by sanitary standards. As a rule, this indicator is at least 7 m. In turn, from the fence of households. construction - an animal shed - should be distant to a distance of 4 m or more.
The ideal location of the building, which will be used as a warehouse for storing garden equipment, is near the garden on the shaded side, where plants grow poorly or are completely absent.
It is advisable to choose the territory for construction where there are no other irregularities in order to exclude flooding of the room. Therefore, the construction of the shed in the area with hollows must be carried out on a columnar foundation.

Having chosen the territory and having developed or bought a project, it is necessary to begin construction activities. According to summer residents, the most popular options are premises, the walls of which are made of foam blocks, and utility buildings, erected using lumber using frame technology. Therefore, both methods will be discussed in detail below.

Construction of a household shed: necessary tools

The list includes the following construction equipment:

yardstick;
plumb line;
line level;
"Grinder" or a hacksaw for metal;
drill and screwdriver;
hammer and mallet;
shovel;
joiner's ax (sharpened);
set of screwdrivers and wrenches;
hand saw;
chisel;
stationery knife.

In the course of the work, other tools may be needed, for example, brushes for applying paint and varnish compositions, pencils, drills, etc.

Organization of the column foundation for a wooden barn

This crucial stage is an important part of the construction of the facility. The durability of the entire building depends on the quality and reliability of the foundation. For the outbuilding, the further construction of which will be carried out according to the frame technology using lumber, it is recommended to make a columnar foundation. The construction of this foundation can be done with:

concrete mortar, which must be poured into prepared pits or reinforced pipes (metal or asbestos-cement);
building blocks (brick or cellular concrete);
rubble stone.

Having chosen the option for building a barn, it is necessary to begin the construction of a columnar foundation in this order:

Based on the data from the project documentation, mark the area with sharp pegs and polypropylene yarn. As a result, it is necessary to check the diagonals with a tape measure.
Dig ditches every 1.5–2 m, the depth of each of which must be at least 15 cm below the level of freezing of the soil.
Fill the pit with rubble and sand, and then compact it so that a litter layer equal to 15 cm is obtained. Repeat the same procedure with each excavation.
Install the poles on one level so that they rise above the ground by about 15–20 cm. To increase the bearing capacity of the supports, you need to supplement their design with steel rods.
Check the horizontality of the posts with a cord. Having found the slightest inaccuracies, you need to eliminate them with the help of scraps of the board, which must be installed on top of the supports.
If pillars of brick or blocks were erected, they must be plastered and treated with waterproofing mastic.
Glue two sheets of roofing material on the bitumen on top of each support.
Set up a blind area around the pillars, the purpose of which is to prevent leaching of the soil.

Before proceeding to the next stage of building construction, you need to wait at least 3-5 days for the solution to set.

The construction of a wooden shed: instruction

For the construction of the frame, you will need boards, bars, mounting angles and fasteners (for example, screws or pins). You should know: before building a wooden shed, lumber must be treated with antiseptic agents and flame retardants for fire protection. Having built a reliable columnar base, it is necessary to start the construction of a room with a shed roof:

Lay on the foundation a tie bar, which must be attached to concrete with anchor bolts. At this stage, you will need an electric drill, as well as drills for concrete and wood.
Install a frame for the lower harness over the timber, which must be filled with ordinary lags.
Cover the floor with edged boards, thick plywood or OSB boards. For the correct construction of a summer house, these structural elements should be laid so that between them two-millimeter gaps are formed, which are necessary for thermal expansion.
Install the front wall of the frame, taking into account the dimensions affixed in the project. It must be fixed with temporary jibs.
Assemble and mount the rear and side parts of the wooden frame. The result should be an impeccable "building skeleton", the walls of which have the same height. If any irregularities appear, they will have to be eliminated by filing or, conversely, complementing the design.
Install the upper harness on the ends of the racks.
Assemble a cantilever-running frame from short boards. The upper parts of the lumber must be sawn at an angle to form a ramp, which must be calculated in advance. To do this, draw the planned roof profile in the form of a rectangular triangle.
Make a preparation of rafter legs, which should be attached to the side of the installation site. You need to know: structural elements must be of such a length that a cornice overhang appears as a result.
Open the rafters and set them above the racks, fixing the corners.
Arrange on the rafters a solid wooden crate, provided with a waterproofing carpet.
Lay the roofing material. It can be a tile, a professional flooring, ondulin, etc.

After the completion of the main construction works related to the construction of the barn (photo of the finished non-residential premises is given above), it is necessary to perform the facing work. The finished frame is usually sheathed with unedged boards, which are nailed vertically. Then arrange door and window openings, and then carry out utilities.

The device of the strip foundation under the shed of foam blocks

To independently build this base, you need to follow the following instructions:

Prepare the site: remove the soil and level the construction site.
Limit the territory of the future tape base with a nylon cord or twine and sharpened stakes according to the dimensions specified in the project.
Dig a trench 15–20 cm deep below the level of soil freezing. During the construction of the shed from foam blocks, it is necessary to leave a place for the installation of formwork. In turn, the width of the trench directly depends on the similar size of the base indicated in the design documentation.
Fill the bottom of the prepared excavation with sand and gravel. The result should be a pillow with a thickness of about 20 cm, which must be rammed with a vibrating plate.
Make formwork from boards or sheets of plywood. The main condition is that the top edge of the structure should protrude 20-30 cm above the ground.
Strengthen the formwork using struts and cross bars, which must be installed every 1.5 m.
Place roofing material or polyethylene on the inner walls of the finished structure (minimum thickness - 50 microns).
Reinforce with steel rods (the diameter of each element should be 8–12 mm). The result of this step is a three-dimensional grid with cells of 40–50 mm.
Pour the formwork with a concrete mortar consisting of cement, sand and water. In order not to form air bubbles, the mixture, which is in a liquid state, must be pierced with a rod.
Cover hardening concrete with foil. To prevent cracking, it must be periodically wetted.
Dismantle the formwork after the concrete has solidified completely (hardening time - 28 days).
Backfill the trench with earth.
Lay two layers of roofing material over the foundation.

Building a shed from foam blocks: instructions

After the tape base has hardened, it is necessary to proceed to the erection of the walls of the room. The main thing is to check the horizontalness of each laid out row with a level and a plumb line. The slightest unevenness will cause the building to skew, so this requirement should not be neglected. To complete the construction of a barn with your own hands, a step-by-step instruction for building a room from foam blocks includes the following steps:

Determine the places where the door and window openings will be located.
Start laying from the corner of the base. Ligation is performed in half block.
To smooth the surface of the base, put the first and second rows of foam blocks on the cement mortar, and the rest on special glue, as this will make thin seams. If necessary, cut the blocks to the required dimensions.
Build a gable roof. First, lay the floor beams with a section of 100 x 100 mm in the grooves between the foam blocks of the final row. The main thing is that lumber should be at least 20 cm longer than the walls. The next step is to put a beam (Mauerlat) around the perimeter of the structure, fixing it at the corners with metal brackets and fixing it to the floor beams using self-tapping screws or pins. Then lay the transverse bars, and beat the boards on them. A rafter structure should be attached to the Mauerlat and a crate should be made. The final step is to lay the roofing material (for example, corrugated board), which must be mounted with an overlap using stainless screws with double thread.
Insert the windows into the prepared openings and hang the doors. Before entering, it is advisable to make a small porch or steps. The construction of the barn does not end there, since you still need to sew up the floors and insulate the walls of the room.

It is possible to revet the building outside with a siding, and inside - with a clapboard. It is desirable to carry out lighting in the room. Electricians recommend using acrylic lamps as fixtures: they are resistant to mechanical damage.

Shed for animals: rules and regulations

Increased sanitary requirements are imposed on such a household unit. The structure in which the animals will be located must be provided with a good ventilation system. This is due to the fact that the litter is chemically aggressive, since it emits a lot of ammonia. Therefore, it is advisable to equip a special place where manure will be stored - a valuable organic fertilizer.

Before starting the construction of an animal shed, it is necessary to choose a place on the site for the premises. In this case, you need to focus on regulatory documentation, where all the requirements and norms are mentioned. In addition, the structure must withstand mechanical stress. It is better to erect a cowshed from building blocks. You also need to consider that some animals (for example, goats) gnaw a tree, so you can not handle lumber with various chemical compositions.

If it is necessary to build a barn where pigs or cows will live, it is better to erect a wooden room with a reinforced frame. Such a structure must be reliable and warm. However, according to livestock breeders, it is better to build a farm building from foam blocks on a tape base with subsequent warming.

Conclusion

Doing it yourself with your own hands is a long and painstaking task, for the implementation of which you first need to purchase all the necessary tools and materials. Construction technology depends on the purpose and functionality of the premises, its dimensions and, of course, the financial capabilities of the owner. In addition, it is necessary to legitimize such a structure. Therefore, you need to use only high-quality building materials. All work on the construction of the capital shed can be done independently. The main thing is to follow the construction rules and take into account the recommendations that are given in this article.

Building a barn: options, necessary materials, installation features, photos