Russian language is one of the most difficult and beautiful in the world. It was spoken by great poets, writers and scientists. Only in Russian can you express your feelings in detail, poetically and vividly, and describe nature and the world around you in colors. Time does not stand still and the language is subjected to the so-called "clogging". There are a lot of new, and, in fact, unnecessary borrowed foreign words, jargon and parasitic words.
The issue of ecology has long worried humanity in all its fields. It is necessary to preserve not only the environment, but also the purity of Russian speech, which is also, like nature, clogged with unnecessary "garbage." The ecology of life and the ecology of the word are two of the most important factors that are invisibly interconnected.
Definition of the term
To people far from philological sciences, this term is unfamiliar. Simply put, the definition of the ecology of a word is to preserve the beauty and expressiveness of the language, in this case, Russian speech.
First of all, they advocate the purity of the Russian language, the departure from vulgar expressions, obscenities and parasitic words. There is even such a thing as the ecology of the speech environment, that is, the sphere that needs protection and purification.
The ecology of the word and the ecology of speech are two concepts that are closely related and have almost the same interpretation.
The key subjects of linguistic purity are the healthy culture of society, the protection and maintenance of the health of the mother tongue, and finding ways to enrich speech.
The problem of linguistic ecology in the modern world
The problem of the ecology of the word is more relevant today than ever, and the task of every person is to try to eradicate parasite words and unnecessary jargon from his own speech.
Language is an integral part of the life of everyone who lives in society. With it, people communicate and interact with each other.
Sometimes people do not notice for themselves how they abuse foul language, or use too many parasitic words. These include: “well,” “here,” “as it were,” “type,” “damn it,” “well, how to say,” and many other similar sayings.
Therefore, it is so important to pay attention to one of the main problems of our time - the ecology of the Russian word.
By verbal abuse, uncultured and illiterate speech, a person shows his own bad manners and moral devastation. Very often profanity can be heard from the lips of adolescents, on whom the future of the state depends. What is even sadder is that there are illiterate and tongue-tied people among journalists, correspondents and presenters - those who are constantly on hearing, and whose performances are all daily watched on television and on the Internet.
Features of the "ecology of the word"
The less a person pays attention to the purity of speech, the more powerful, beautiful language, in which so many wonderful novels and poems are written, is clogged with incomprehensible words. He loses his former beauty, becomes inexpressive and primitive.
The features of the term "word ecology" are the following points:
- preserving the health of the language and culture of speech;
- its study in the framework of an inextricable relationship with the culture of the people.
Reason for using parasitic words
According to linguists, the abuse of parasitic words and abusive phrases depends on the degree of education of a person and the level of his well-read. The poorer the vocabulary, the more he uses them in practice. But, nevertheless, there are also frequent cases when a completely intelligent person who speaks good language allows such statements in his speech. Sometimes, these words are used according to an old habit or intentionally. For example, some words are used because today there is a fashion for their use. These include: “kapets,” “as it were,” “well, in general,” “in principle,” “shorter.”
It is also believed that one of the reasons for their use is a psychological problem, when at times of excitement and experience a person begins to speak with parasitic words.
The most serious and clogging Russian speech are swear words. A person who often uses them in his own vocabulary personifies himself as ill-bred and uneducated. In this case, the reason is the low culture and morality of the individual.
Commonly Used Parasitic Words
According to statistics, the most used parasitic words over the past year are the following:
- okay;
- "pancake";
- "heck";
- "as if";
- "count";
- "pipets";
- "kapets";
- "type";
- "clear".
List of borrowed foreign words that have an excellent replacement in Russian
Russian is the richest language in the world and one of the most difficult. He is constantly undergoing changes and innovations. Since recent times, it has become very fashionable to use words of foreign origin in speech when their analogs are present. The reason is the fashion for foreign culture, as well as the introduction of new concepts. For example, these include the well-known laptop and keyboard. There is no escape from the innovations, and there is nothing wrong with that. But do not forget that there are Russian counterparts that sometimes sound better than those who came from abroad.
The list contains the most popular words that are spoken by almost everyone. Nearby is written a similar expression in Russian:
- "hobby" - "hobby";
- "shopping" - "shopping";
- “okay” - “okay, okay”;
- "manager" - "manager";
- "business" - "business";
- "image" - "image";
- “information” - “notice”;
- “contract” - “contract”;
- "original" - "original";
- "mobility" - "mobility";
- "dialogue" - "conversation";
- “boyfriend” is “friend”.
At risk
Potential “victims” of this problem are teenagers who spend most of their time on electronic gadgets and computers, preferring virtual communication over live communication. Unfortunately, most modern children who own a computer, aged 12 to 16 years old, have lower literacy rates than those who did not have these gadgets.
According to statistics, children began to read less informative books and spend their free time playing computer games. In addition, their vocabulary also leaves much to be desired. In the correspondence of adolescents, and adults, you can often see the modern “Internet” slang: “cake”, “lol”, “facepalm”, “holivar”, “IMHO”. Constantly communicating in a similar form, people gradually forget the real Russian language, using primitive words.
Opinion of writers
Linguists and writers have repeatedly resorted to this issue, one of which was Skvortsov Lev Ivanovich. This is a famous Soviet and Russian writer, doctor of philological sciences, and also a professor at the Russian language department. He wrote and published over 400 works, including 20 books. The famous work of the linguist was a book entitled: "Ecology of the word or talk about the culture of Russian speech." According to the author, an environmental approach is necessary as regards the culture of speech and communication. The writer noted that with the introduction of new words and borrowings, the language became hardened, became more rude and inexpressive. In his work, Lev Ivanovich argued that it is very important to preserve the richness and expressiveness of the Russian language. High culture of speech is the real spiritual heritage of the people.
Life does not stand still, and the language develops and is replenished with new sayings. In Russian speech there are quite a lot of foreign borrowed words, and there is nothing wrong with that. In almost every language of the world there are words that came from abroad. But, as Skvortsov mentioned in his work, it is worth distinguishing between borrowings that enrich the Russian language and those that, in fact, are completely unnecessary and only clog up speech.
The great Russian literary critic Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky very correctly noted that there is no need to use other people's words in the vocabulary when, as in the native language, there are equivalent ones.
It is worth mentioning the words of the great philologist of the 20th century Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachev, who was the author of many works on the history of Russian culture and literature. An ardent supporter of spiritual morality, he believed that parasitic words and abusive statements reflect not only the primitive speech of a person, but also his weak mind.
To avoid this, you must always listen to your own speech and draw certain conclusions. In the growing population of Russia, one should cultivate a love for the Russian language, for reading wise books, and take care of its present condition and its future for future generations.
How to get rid of an urgent problem?
The problem of the ecology of the word is quite global and cannot be solved in a short time. First of all, we need to pay sharp attention to the activities of public figures: journalists and presenters who are listened to by millions of people. Unfortunately, not all people in creative professions have competent and correct speech and sometimes suffer from tongue-tied languages. It is necessary to carefully select personnel and prepare for performances.
To make the speech more beautiful and expressive, it is worth as little as possible to use parasite words. They are present in the vocabulary of almost every person. It is unlikely that they will be completely eradicated, but it is quite possible to reduce their use to a minimum and use it only in rare cases. To do this, a person needs to listen to what he says and ponder each spoken word.
Often this problem is affected by insecure people, especially at those times when they have to speak in public. For example, a person explains the contents of a presentation or tells a report. All the eyes of the audience are fixed on him. Excitement and nervousness take hold of him. To fill in awkward pauses, he begins to "make backs", "make out" and utter parasite words.
To get rid of this habit, you need daily practice and practice again. You must speak out loud. You can train alone in front of a mirror or in front of friends who point out errors. Do not be afraid of silence and short pauses. It is better to remain silent for a few seconds and correctly think out a thought than clutter your speech. You need to pull yourself together and confidently, clearly, with expression and constellations to present a report. After a dozen such trainings, speaking correctly will become a habit, and parasitic words will gradually fade into the background.
"Ecology words" in a library or book - the best friend for a beautiful speech
Adolescents to replenish and enrich the vocabulary should pay more time to the lessons of the Russian language, as well as read more often. It is worth giving preference to cognitive literature, the works of famous authors and the old Russian classics. Regular reading of books develops expressiveness and brightness of speech, and also stimulates brain activity, strengthens memory and improves intelligence. Reading is highly recommended not only to children, but also to adults.
Conclusion
Russian speech is currently undergoing a crisis. Many language experts and writers are concerned about this issue. This question was raised by the linguist and philologist L. Skvortsov in "Ecology of the word or talk about the culture of Russian speech", where the author discussed how important it is to preserve the culture of the language and that an ecological approach is necessary for the improvement of health and purity of speech.
The language is gradually clogged with numerous foreign words, jargon, obscene words and parasitic words. It becomes rude, less expressive and simplified. People who are used to communicating in this manner gradually forget the real Russian language and their vocabulary is thinning out. This trend is especially acute among the younger generation - the future of Russia.
The ecology of the word is that science that fights for the purity and "healing" of the language.
How to fight?
The basis is the family and it is she who is an example for the child. If at home the parents constantly scold, use obscene language, speak illiterate, then there is nothing surprising in the fact that the child will begin to imitate them. Moms and dads should definitely monitor their own speech and instill in their children a love of their native language.
School is the place where students learn the rules and foundations of the Russian language, read and discuss interesting works, and also memorize verses of great poets. Parents should make sure that children do not forget to do homework, and teachers need to try to instill in students an interest in native literature.
From TV and the Internet every day there is a stream of illiterate, obscene and simply superfluous information. People, sometimes unknowingly, copy what is spoken from the screens. However, there is a decline in cultural morality. For this reason, it is very important that only competent and correct speech should be heard on television, so that they show more informative programs that would educate their own viewers.
Schoolchildren, like adults, should not forget to read Russian literature. Regular reading improves speech, enriches vocabulary and makes a person more educated. It is especially worth giving preference to the old Russian classics and verses of such great poets as Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin and Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.
And first of all, you need to love and respect your native language, because it is an integral part of every person’s life. It is important to preserve its wealth and purity for future generations.