In the construction of modern houses, different types of roofs are used, which differ in design features. They can be combined or scanty, the latter variety has an attic space, which can be cold or equipped for housing. One of the most common varieties of such roofs is a half-hip roof, which is also called Dutch.
It is a design with overhangs at the ends. Thanks to the features, this roof can withstand strong wind loads, and the pediments of the building are well protected from rain. The semi-hip roof can be made in the form of a gable or four-gable roof.
Benefits of a half-hip roof
If the hip roof provides for the presence of two slopes in the form of a trapezoid, as well as two slopes in the form of triangles, then they find a broken line. The design in this case can be individual and depends on the climate, the type of roofing, as well as the availability of living space in the attic. The influence on the choice of roof type, of course, is provided by the climate. At high snow loads, roofs are made with steep slopes and small overhangs. If the winter is not snowy, then the slopes can have a slight slope, which is greater than in the above embodiment.
The advantage of such a roof is the ability to equip a living space in the attic. At the same time, the semi-hip roof attic will be the best choice. If you want to make more living space, then the ramps must be formed with different slopes. The upper part of the ramp is flat, while the lower should be sheer. This type of roof protects the pediments from wind, snow and rain, which can be called positive qualities.
Main disadvantages
Before you build a half-hip roof, you must take into account its disadvantages, among them it is necessary to highlight the complexity of the formation of the rafter system due to the huge number of ribs, valleys, and also intermediate rafters. It is necessary to use struts, sprigs and various intermediate elements. Among other things, you will encounter a high consumption of material both when installing the roofing material and the rafter system. The master will face a rather difficult task of laying the roofing.
Half-hip roof device
The semi-hip roof will have a lot of structural elements, namely: Mauerlat, rafter system, heat, hydro and vapor barrier, as well as roofing. The rafter system has a ridge , rafter legs, struts, a crate system, stops, jibs, as well as crossbars and other elements. All of them add rigidity to the rafter system.
Before you begin the construction of such a roof, you must lay the Mauerlat, which is located on the supporting walls. If they are made of brick, then a reinforced reinforced concrete belt is laid on top. During the arrangement, it is necessary to install vertical galvanized studs on it, on which a Mauerlat beam is mounted. The studs should be so long that they are visible from the beam by 3 centimeters. Their minimum diameter is 10 millimeters. The distance between these elements is 120 centimeters.
Advice to the master
When you will be building a half-hip roof, the studs must be placed between the rafters, in this case the joint of the Mauerlat and the rafters will not be complicated.
Methodology and design features of the roof
The roofing material is laid in two layers on the reinforcing belt, then you can proceed to installing the Mauerlat beam, which is located on the heels. A square beam with a side of 150 millimeters is used for it, in the context of the element has dimensions 100x150 millimeters. Holes should be done in advance, since the beam is treated with an antiseptic, which eliminates rotting of the wood.
The half-hip roof, the photo of which is presented in the article, includes the installation of diagonal or sloping rafters, as well as a ridge. The first are fixed by means of special notches, which are sometimes replaced by iron brackets. Mounting is made to the ridge and Mauerlat. The diagonal rafters act as a continuation of the ridge, which bifurcates at the highest point. These branches converge with the corners of the building and undergo a large load during operation. Rafter half-legs should rest on the diagonal rafters, therefore they are made of a paired board, the cross section of which is 50x150 millimeters.
Recommendations for installing rafters
A half-hip roof, the drawing of which is presented in the article, can have rafters, and their section is calculated according to a special formula. However, private masters never do this. The method of reinforcing the rafters in the form of pairing boards allows you to increase their bearing capacity, and with the impressive dimensions of the roof to form a rather long continuous beam. In the process, at the same time, boards of the same size can be used. As for the diagonal rafters and ordinary, this facilitates the work. First, the oblique elements must be installed, and then firmly fixed to the ridge and Mauerlat. Then you can proceed to the installation of privates, who will rely on the Mauerlat and skate.
What to look for when arranging a half-hip roof
When a semi- hip roof is being built with your own hands, the distance between the rafters must be chosen so that it matches the width of the insulation material. At their ends, it is necessary to form inserts that provide emphasis on the Mauerlat. These elements will also abut the ridge of the four-slope structure. Side rafters are fixed with brackets or metal plates in the form of corners. During spans of impressive dimensions, all elements should be strengthened with stops, struts. Diagonal rafters are supported by truss truss. Racks and stops rest on a floor slab, which is true if it is reinforced concrete. In other versions, additional screeds should be mounted on the floor beams of the building.
Main mistakes
The device of a half-hip roof will not allow to achieve the desired effect if the wooden elements are not treated with antiseptics. These compounds protect wood from fire and rot. Among other things, some craftsmen use construction foam to fill the space under the ridge. This should not be done, otherwise the air in the under-roof space will not circulate, the wooden parts of the ridge will undergo putrefactive processes.
Design features of the roofing cake
If you are thinking about how to make a semi-hip roof with your own hands, then you should familiarize yourself with the features of a roofing cake, which provides for the installation of a crate, a layer of steam, waterproofing and laying of insulation material. At the final stage, the roofing material is covered. A vapor barrier can be a film that has an aluminum foil coating. In this case, the foil surface should be facing inside the attic. The film is fixed using a stapler. Insulation can be made of stone or mineral wool, presented in rolls or mats. The half-hip roof design provides for the installation of insulation between the rafters, waterproofing material is laid on top.
Conclusion
It is important to remember that ventilation and ventilation are very important for any roof. Air can move freely in the interior due to the fact that there is a certain distance under the roof ridge.