The infrastructure of private houses provides for a number of systems that increase its operational comfort. In the list of basic engineering elements, devices for heating and water supply are highlighted. Their functions are familiar to every inhabitant of a modern house - heat and hot water are essential resources for maintaining human life. Approaches to the organization of technical support for premises can vary, determining the nuances of designing a particular system.
Initial data for design
The variety of equipment that provides private homes with water and heat forces the engineers to think out the optimal solutions, on which the design of a heating or water supply system will be based, already at the first stages. In this part, it is necessary to take into account the many parameters of the building, and also not to forget about the nature of its operation - temporary, permanent, seasonal, etc. The main departure points in the search for the most rational heating and water supply systems are the technical parameters and capabilities of a particular house:
- living area (total and each room separately);
- local climatic conditions (it is important to consider if a building heating system is being designed and heat losses are calculated);
- configuration of a possible branching of heating or water supply circuits around the house;
- power supply and connection to the central highway;
- need for system automation.
We can say that this is the primary information on which the design of heating systems for private houses is carried out with the selection of the type of equipment and the corresponding fuel. The following is a selection of devices and direct system design.
heating equipment
To heat private homes today, various technical means are used that differ in the type of heat source and the scattering element. The traditional ones include boilers, radiators and convectors, as well as pipes with a water coolant. In turn, each of these technical means has structural features, which should take into account the design of the heating system and related components. Fuel resources can be represented by water, gas, solid elements, electricity, etc.
Modern types of heating equipment include solar panels, underfloor heating and pellet boilers. Each of these systems is innovative in a certain sense. For example, solar panels operate on free and renewable energy of the rays, and floor heating has become revolutionary in design.
Heating project development
Based on the characteristics of the equipment selected for installation, the calculation of its parameters and installation technology are performed. The heating project includes circuit layout circuits (if any), volumes of heat consumption sources, configuration of the location in the house, power and other indicators.
In modern cottages, designing a heating system usually involves the use of boilers. They can work on water heat carrier, electricity, solid fuel and other sources. The finished project should provide information on the following points:
- general communication wiring diagram;
- high-altitude communication wiring diagram;
- information about the materials used;
- instructions on the work performed;
- device specifications;
- design sketch;
- drawings with parameters and designation of the main components of the heating system;
- designation of sites for connecting nodes;
- communication wiring plan.
Equipment for water supply system
Proper design of heating systems for private houses will allow you to implement an effective heating system that will fill the heating needs with minimal cost.
Providing high-quality water at home is more difficult, since there is a need for special drainage. In addition, the resource must come in a form suitable for use, and therefore the design of water heating systems takes into account filtering means.
So, a water supply system may consist of the following components:
- source of water intake (well, central highway);
- water intake device;
- pumping station;
- cleaning equipment;
- a reservoir for receiving and returning purified water;
- water conduits;
- distribution elements.
Of fundamental importance in the choice are the pipes and the pump. A modern pipeline, as a rule, is implemented from PVC circuits, which allows to extend the service life and facilitate installation. Among the pumps, circulating models with a thermostat are preferable. By the way, designing a heating system often leaves the possibility of using one technical infrastructure for several engineering systems.
Water supply design
The comprehensive development of a plan for organizing a water supply system allows you to get an idea about the equipment capacities, related materials, branching methods and rational distribution of wires in the house.
Like the design of home heating systems, the documentation package for water supply communications should describe the characteristics and arrangement of collector points, parameters of pipeline tracing and risers, calculation materials for drainage and consumption, recommendations for selecting a pump and axonometric water supply plan .
If it is planned to equip a building with several floors, a floor plan with the location of plumbing devices is also drawn up.
Flow meters
And when the design of home heating systems is done, and when organizing water supply, the integration of flow sensors can be a useful solution. They allow you to control consumption indicators, and the latest models work in conjunction with automatic control devices. Thus, increased ease of use and reliability of the devices.
In most cases, modern design involves the integration of thermostats. The devices of this family operate on the principle of regulating water heating - this reduces the operating intervals and increases durability. In addition, the presence of multifunctional sensors is an element of the security system of heating and water supply systems, preventing excessive heat or hot water.
Combined systems
In a broader sense, the combination of several subsystems in one building infrastructure refers to the idea of a smart home. Such complexes also include safety devices, electrical equipment, air conditioners, etc.
The combined design and installation of heating systems is focused on combining two functions due to the boiler, which works with the boiler on the principle of priority supply of hot water. For the installation of such systems, it is important to determine the number of collapsible points, the number of people living, and also provide for the possibility of the simultaneous use of several sections with water supply.
Installation Rules
Although the main groundwork for the efficient operation of communication equipment is provided by the design of heating and water supply systems, the quality of their installation is also significant. As a rule, installation is carried out before the implementation of facing and finishing procedures. This is especially true for laying a pipeline when installing plumbing in ceilings and underground niches. Integration of wiring in the subceiling space is also common.
There are also nuances when designing and installing heating systems in homes is performed. Installation specifics are determined by the type of equipment. In some cases, the room should initially be designed for the removal of combustion products. Here it is worth recalling the combination of air conditioning and ventilation in one complex.
System Upgrade
Measures to improve existing systems are carried out after a technical audit of the equipment and the project concept itself. It is for the subsequent modernization that the design of heating and water supply systems should provide for the possibility of replacing components or introducing new devices.
A classic illustration of such an update is the laying of new pipes (for example, metal circuits give way to analogues from PVC), the introduction of more functional manifold cabinets, the installation of forced circulation pumps and other operations.