Before starting any construction work, it is necessary to draw up a plan according to which specialists or home owners will act. For example, before arranging the roof of a private house, you should create a project, which is one of the most important tasks.
Design Features
If you do not belong to those people who are familiar with all the components of the roof device and do not know how to make a diagram or drawing of a roof, then you should use special computer programs such as Autocad, it will be enough to enter size information in it, select a certain type of roof - and the program selects standard schemes. This will create a high-quality drawing, calculating the nodes of the roof. But if you start sketching yourself, you should coordinate the style of the house and the roof, determine the color of the roof.
Features of the calculations
It is important to carry out calculations that will take into account the estimated load on the roof. The drawing of the system will imply the main nodes of the roof. This includes materials, tools and fasteners. Design involves mandatory calculation of the roof area. This is required for the correct determination of material consumption, thermal insulation and fasteners. If you will build a pent roof, then the calculation of the area will be very simple. Its shape is a rectangle, and to determine the area, the width should be multiplied by the length. In addition, 0.5 m on each side should be added for the roof overhang.
What else you need to know about design
If we are talking about a gable roof, then the area should be calculated similarly, taking into account the length of the rafters and the overhang of the roof on the cornice and pediments. The attachment points of the roof of such a system are more complex, but it will not be difficult to calculate the area. The design will need to be divided into separate figures and use school knowledge in geometry, which will allow you to calculate the area of each of them. Ultimately, the numbers add up. Before starting the design of the system, it is important to take into account the snow load in the winter, as insufficient slope of the roof can cause additional loads. If the snow does not leave the roof surface, then this will increase the mechanical load on the rafter system.
Material selection
The roof nodes will also pass through the covering material, so it is important to think about which one it will be easier for you to work with. As you know, when building a house, the roof is the most expensive element. And the choice of roofing material is an important stage, since an attempt to save on it can lead to increased costs during operation. The roof should protect the entire building and extend its life. A fairly popular roofing is slate, asbestos and cement fibers act as its constituent elements. This material is ready to last about 40 years, but among its additional positive characteristics are:
- low cost;
- resistance to low temperatures;
- resistance to mechanical stress;
- simple installation procedure;
- lack of overheating of the sheet in hot weather.
Roof nodes can be easily equipped when choosing a slate, in addition, the roof will have excellent heat-insulating qualities, it will absorb sound and will exhibit fire resistance characteristics. But there are drawbacks to slate, they are expressed in a decrease in water-proofing qualities over time, the possibility of occurrence and development of moss and lichens, as well as the fragility of the sheet edge. If you want to equip a reliable inexpensive roof, then slate will be an excellent solution. The main competitor of the above material is a steel roof. This material is inexpensive and can be used to cover roofs with complex configurations.
In modern construction, 0.5 mm galvanized steel is most often used for roofing, which is coated with an anti-corrosion zinc layer during the manufacturing process. The positive qualities are ease of installation, low cost, the ability to cover complex structures and low weight. However, there are also disadvantages, they are expressed in increased noise and unattractive appearance.
Alternatives
Choosing a roofing, you can pay attention to aluminum, which is used in the manufacture of metal and seam roofs. For the manufacture of aluminum tiles, material is used in rolls, which has the necessary coatings. The covering material is lightweight and can be used on almost any crate system. If you apply the folding method and kleimers, then when installing the roof, you can not drill a single hole in the material.
The life of aluminum roofs can reach 150 years, which is the main factor that forces consumers to purchase these covering materials. A roof made of metal has also been popular lately. In the manufacture of sheets, a coating is applied to the surface that provides durability and strength. The upper composition of the layer protects the material from corrosion, and in the construction market you can find a wide range of metal tiles, which is presented in products of different colors and shapes.
Corrugated roofing is corrugated metal sheets that combine the positive characteristics of a metal-roofing and steel coating. Sheets can be polymer coated and have a low cost. If you choose this type of roofing, you will encounter the same problems that owners of houses with a roof made of galvanized steel and metal tiles face. However, this type of material has the advantages of a galvanized metal tile roof. Depending on the specific type of coating, the service life can vary from 10 to 50 years.
Installation of the rafter system
The nodes of the rafter roof should be as strong as possible, since the reliability of the future roof depends on this. Strengthen the roof rafters with the help of studs, nails, as well as nail plates. When using rafter pins in the upper part they must be butt-joined, and they will be held together by overlays made of waterproof plywood or metal. The upper part of the rafters can be connected with nails, for this it is best to use special brackets. This technology is inexpensive, reliable and fairly simple. Sometimes, nail plates are also used, which are made of galvanized steel and stamped teeth. The height of the last elements should be equal to 8 mm, and the number of rows of nails will depend on the size of the constituent parts.
Installation of cornice strips
The eaves node of the roof is necessary to protect the wooden crate from the negative external effects of precipitation. Installation of cornice strips is quite simple, for this they are nailed to the crate with nails in a checkerboard pattern, the distance between them should be about 30 cm.The end strips, which are also called wind rails , will protect the roof from precipitation under the metal tile. They are installed on top with a bend on the cornice, and the distance between them should be approximately 35 cm.
Adjoining the wall
The adjoining of the roof to the wall provides the ability of the roof to cope with the main task and reliably protect the home from wind and rain. Adjoining a metal roof is quite simple to equip, it is one of the most suitable building materials for such installation work. When the adjoining of the roof to the wall is arranged, a gap must remain between the vertical elements, which is necessary to ensure the natural circulation of air in the roof cavity. The device of this abutment involves the use of sheet metal elements. Installation of the apron cannot be carried out without chipping the section of the wall structure. At a height of 20 cm, a gutter should be made, the depth of which will be 3 cm. The edges of the element are treated with sealant, and the upper part is installed in the shtrob.
The lower part of the product should be pressed to the roof surface with fasteners that are equipped with a rubber gasket. If you will use a double apron design, you should provide a higher degree of sealing. At the same time, shtrobleniya wall structures can be abandoned. The upper element of the apron is fixed in the base with dowels, then under the base you should install the bottom fragment, which has a lock that provides a reliable connection.
Pipe sealing
Sealing the pipe on the roof will ensure the correct operation of the heater. When decorating the chimney, you can use the so-called collar of rectangular metal sheets. Their width should be 40 cm. To finish the chimney on the roof of the tiles, you can use the connection with a recumbent fold. Sealing the pipe on the roof of a pitched structure, the slope of which is 30 ° or more, involves the installation of a special beam that will protect the rear of the pipe from rainwater.