When the box of the future home is driven out, the building has walls, a roof, a foundation and other internal partitions, you should familiarize yourself with the technology for connecting all the relevant communications. Without them, it will be impossible to live fully in the new building. Electricity in the country is one of the most important systems in the operation of the facility.
Cable entry can be done underground or over the air. In each chosen option, you should carefully study the technology of how electricity is connected to your own home or cottage.
Preparatory stage
Before you make the connection of electricity with your own hands in the country, you should solve the problem with the documentation. It is necessary to obtain permission to bring the supply networks to the house from the appropriate company.
Representatives of the company can bring electricity in the country on their own or assess the compliance of existing communications with all norms and rules. After that, the network company will issue a permit for the operation of public energy in a specific building.
For a country house, 15 kW is allocated for the supply of electricity. If this is not enough, you must indicate this in the statement. Only after receiving all the necessary documents in the hands of the owners can connect the house to a common network.
Types of connection
After all organizational issues are resolved, you should determine the type of connection. It can be performed in the country by hidden means (underground) or by air (through a pole for electricity). The appropriate variety is selected based on the conditions of the site where the building is located.
Also, the electricity connection in the country is external and internal. Moreover, it should be noted that the connection that is performed outside is much simpler than the inside. But for the cable on the street, special protective materials are used. They have advanced security requirements.
House wiring is more difficult. But here the wires can be standard. Their cost will be less than that of cables on the street.
To determine the type of electricians bringing to the house, it is necessary to consider each option in more detail.
Air connection
The air connection uses a pole for electricity in the country. This is a fairly simple way.
It involves the connection of a self-supporting insulated wire (SIP) or a reinforced cable with a supporting cable manually.
In the first version there is a special cable for installation. It takes a load of conductor weight. In the second case, a cable with a diameter of 3 mm is attached to the cable separately. It is attached with special clamps to a conductor of the corresponding diameter.
Most often, for the purpose of giving, electricity is connected by a conductor, the conductors for the current of which simultaneously fulfill the role of a cable. They are made of aluminum and steel alloys.
A pillar for electricity in the country is set with a certain calculation. The cable length should not exceed 20 m. Therefore, if the distance from the house to the point of connection to the mains exceeds this figure, you will have to use another table.
Features of air installation
After calculating the total energy consumption, home owners should choose a supply cable of the appropriate cross-section (16-25 mm 2 ). To attach it, use special anchor clamps for each conductor core.
Special elements are used to create branches. They are called branch clamps. To make electricity in the country with your own hands, you must follow all safety rules. After all, the mains voltage is very high.
The wire enters the house through a pipe in the wall and goes straight to the electric meter. This energy meter is sometimes located externally. Then the wires coming out of it will also pass through the pipe in the wall. Install the counter in a special protective box. It can also be located outside the house and a voltage regulator.
Underground wiring
To understand how to make electricity in the country, you should consider the underground option of laying communications.
First, a trench breaks out. Its depth should be below the freezing point of the soil. Usually this distance is 1.5-1.8 m. Then a sand cushion 20 cm thick is poured on its bottom. A cable is laid in the corrugated pipe without tension. Then he sprinkles another 20 cm of sand.
Then the trench burrows. A wire near the house comes to the surface and, as in an air connection, is laid into the house. In this way, a two-phase network is usually mounted.
Connection Standards
Asking the question of how to connect electricity in the country, you should familiarize yourself with all the norms and rules of this work. Experienced craftsmen know about them. But, laying the network with your own hands for the first time, you should carefully study the requirements for electrical communications.
The specialist of the company that gives permission to operate the facility will issue supporting documents only if each element of the system meets existing requirements. All of them can be found out from SNiP of the corresponding subject.
It should be noted that from the post to the house (with an air connection) there must be less than 20 m. From the main to the intermediate support for installation, the distance is less than 15 m. From the house to the intermediate pillar should not be less than 10 m.
The connection of the wire above the road should be carried out at a height of at least 6 m, and at least 2.75 m to the wall. If the connection is hidden, the depth of the trench should not be less than 0.7 m. It should also be noted that, based on the total capacity energy consumers, the appropriate cable section is selected. Otherwise, a fire may occur.
Electric meter
Before conducting electricity to the cottage, it is necessary to install an electric energy meter . It is necessary for reasonable energy savings. Timely payment is one of the main conditions on which the owner of the common electric network enters into an agreement with consumers.
If the payment is not timely, not in full, the relevant authorities will stop supplying the building and impose a fine on the negligent client. To avoid this, you should pay the bill on time, passing the meter.
It can be quite economical. Billing for such meters is different at night and in the daytime. That allows you to optimize the costs of the family budget for the payment of utility bills.
There are also induction and electronic meters. The first option is cheaper, but has a shorter verification time and low accuracy. The second option is now more in demand by consumers. Industrial production now mainly produces electronic metering devices.
Safety precautions
It is necessary to connect electricity in the country in accordance with safety requirements. A negligent attitude to such work is fraught with the most sad consequences. The danger is quite great.
The master’s shoes should be dry. Its sole should be made of rubber. Hands should be protected by electrician gloves. In no case should work be carried out in rainy, wet weather.
The connection tool must be specifically designed for use with electricity. It is strictly forbidden to touch bare wires with bare hands. A current of 10 A (in a normal network it is usually larger) can not only harm health, but also kill a person.
Fulfilling all the requirements of labor protection, there is no doubt in the safety of work.
Having familiarized with the question of how to properly connect electricity in the country, you can independently carry out the corresponding work. Choosing the best type of cable management, fulfilling the exact requirements of the standards, every home foreman will be able to create a functional and safe electrical network.