When the era of gasification came, Russian stoves began to be perceived by consumers as a relic of the past. Innovations in their decoration were hardly developed, but in vain. The furnace acts as a reliable source of heat, it can work regardless of interruptions in power supply, among other things, it is not affected by the cost of energy. Recently, a reassessment of values has been taking place, the services of stove-makers are becoming popular, the forgotten secrets of furnishing furnaces are being restored. If you also decided to revive the old stove or plaster a new one, then you should choose the right mortar, since the requirements for finishing materials in this case are quite high. Facing during operation will be constantly exposed to high temperatures. The selected plaster for furnaces must be environmentally friendly, flexible and have good thermal conductivity.
Varieties of plaster for stoves
When plastering furnaces, special compositions are used today, which differ from traditional cement-sand mortars, which are applicable for plastering walls of houses, clay plaster can be considered as an example, the features of its preparation are described below.
The need for special solutions is due to the fact that the masonry of the furnace will expand and contract under the influence of temperatures. That is why it is important to use such a mixture, which will be characterized by elasticity, and also will not impede the rapid heating of the room.
In order to give such qualities to the composition, the following should be added to the ingredients:
- fiberglass;
- fireclay;
- clay;
- asbestos;
- salt.
When mixing the mixture, simple clay and rather complex solutions that you can prepare yourself can be used. Some get them ready-made. If you choose a mortar for plastering a furnace, then you can consider several of its varieties, for the preparation of the first one should prepare one part of clay, two parts of sand and 0.1 part of asbestos. The second type of composition is prepared from one part of clay and the same volume of lime, as well as two parts of sand and asbestos in the same volume that was mentioned above.
To prepare the third type of composition, you need to use two parts of lime, one part of sand and gypsum, and 0.2 parts of asbestos. The fourth option is clay plaster, which has the following proportions: clay, cement, sand and asbestos should be combined in a ratio of 1: 1: 2: 0.1.
Features of the preparation of various mixtures for plaster and their characteristics
If you are going to prepare a solution for stove plastering, it is important to consider what kind of grease the clay has. With a low or high parameter of fat content, the ratio of components can change. The fatter the ingredient, the greater the amount of sand required. It is necessary to mix the components according to the same technology, the first thing the dry components must enter the container is, then a solution of lime or clay is added.
In order to increase strength, 200 g of salt should be added to a bucket of clay-sand mortar. When using the solution, when 1 part of cement or clay is added to two parts of sand, the composition should be worked out as quickly as possible, since an hour after preparation the plaster for the stoves will be unsuitable. When purchasing cement, you should choose the one that has the M-400 or M-500 brand. Using clay, water and sand, you should knead a thick dough, after which asbestos cement is introduced into the composition. With the addition of water, the ingredients are mixed well, according to the density, the solution should turn out creamy.
Plaster specialist advice
Before finishing the furnace, a binder aggregate must be added to any composition, which can be lime or cement. When using a high-strength gypsum-based mixture, one peculiarity should be taken into account, which consists in the quick drying of the mixture. This will happen in only 6 minutes, and after half an hour the composition will be unusable.
Plaster alternatives
The most commonly used base is gypsum or natural clay. In the role of filler, any material that is affordable or left after the main construction can be used. This should include:
- lime;
- sand;
- asbestos;
- fiberglass.
When gypsum is used as the main raw material, the following proportions can be adhered to: 1 part gypsum, 0.2 parts fiberglass, 2 parts lime and 1 part sand.
Tool preparation
Furnishing should only be done after preparing a specific set of tools. Before starting work, you must prepare:
- burlap;
- nails
- primer;
- drill;
- sand paper;
- level.
A container is needed for mixing the plaster, while a drill with a nozzle can be used as a mixer. Prepare a brush and grater, as well as emery of different grain sizes. These tools will be needed to treat the plaster surface after it dries. When buying nails, preference should be given to those that are 5 cm long.
Surface preparation
If you have already decided how to plaster the stove, then you can proceed with the preparatory work. In order that the solution does not exfoliate over time and does not become cracked, and also looks attractive, in the process of work it is necessary to follow certain instructions. The rough base is cleaned, dust and dirt should be removed from it, updating the coating and removing the remnants of the old material. The seams are cleared 10 mm deep, and then nails are driven in at the seams, the distance between which should be 15 cm. Above the surface they should rise 1/4 of the length.
Before plastering the fireplace, the surface must be covered with a primer, and then leave the structure until the mortar dries. The furnace is heated, and then the plaster mixture is prepared taking into account the selected proportions. At one time, you should prepare such a volume of the mixture that you have time to use before it hardens. The surface is wetted with a grater or brush, and then the stucco mesh is laid .
Plastering
Plaster for stoves is applied with a thickness of 0.5 cm on a grid. It is recommended to use a trowel or grater, one of which is pre-wetted in water. This layer will strengthen the mesh, and as an alternative solution, you can fix it with nails at the seams. Next, a technical pause must be maintained until the mixture hardens. The thickness of the second layer should be equal to 1 cm or less, it should be left until setting, but not until completely solidified.
The plaster is wetted with water, which will allow to smooth out all the bumps with sandpaper or a grater. The coating must be checked for cracks and chips. If they appeared, then you need to expand the cracks, treat them with water and fill with a solution. Grouting should be done after the surface has dried.
The nuances of the work
Plaster for stoves is applied from top to bottom. For the first layer, it is necessary to prepare a solution of a more liquid consistency, while for the second - thick. Nails will become beacons for orientation along the layer thickness and uniform distribution of the mixture.
The use of heat-resistant composition
If the stoves work without strong temperature differences, then it is quite possible to use a mixture prepared by yourself for plastering. If you notice that cracks have gone on the surface after some time, then you should purchase a finished composition that can withstand temperatures up to 200 °. The advantage of such materials is heat transfer, many times greater than this characteristic in clay solutions.
Application is carried out according to the technology described above, the oven is pre-treated with a heat-resistant primer. For plastering, it is best to use a reinforcing mesh with square cells whose side is 2 cm or less. Heat-resistant plaster for stoves is applied in 2 layers, the main one should be thicker than sour cream, and it will be used for spraying. Its application is done with a brush for better adhesion of materials.
Conclusion
When preparing the basic solution, do not mix large volumes, since if the composition hardens in a bucket, it will be impossible to use.