The foundation is the part of the building that is undergoing the most stress. The durability of the building depends on the reliability of this component of any structure. When destructive processes begin, this causes the deformation of the remaining elements. Therefore, increased demands are made on the waterproofing of the base. This is true for private homes, since almost every owner of such a building uses a basement or basement.
Such work should be carried out comprehensively, protecting the entire structure from moisture. Water affects the foundation in different ways, often negative factors are activated simultaneously. It can be:
- precipitation;
- The groundwater;
- river spill;
- snow melting.
Some believe that in some cases, waterproofing the foundation may not be carried out. This belief is short-sighted, since the house is built for decades, and after some time construction can begin nearby, which will lead to soil shifts that affect the location of underground water layers. Even if a highway will be laid nearby, it can have an effect.
There are many other reasons that could lead to a change in the configuration and level of water in the ground. During the year, the depth of the water will change, the climate is also not sustainable. If you still have not decided whether to waterproof the foundation of the house, then it should be borne in mind that repairing the foundation will cost significantly more than building a box of a house. Before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with the main varieties of material for waterproofing, as well as their characteristics.
Horizontal insulation
If we are talking about a monolithic strip foundation, then horizontal waterproofing must be located in two places, namely in the basement, at the point of connection of the wall with the foundation, and also at or below 20 cm of the basement floor level. This technology can be implemented only at the stage of building a house.
Before starting the manipulation, oily clay is poured onto the bottom of the pit, the layer thickness of which is 30 cm, it should be well compacted, and a 7-centimeter layer of concrete should be poured on top. It is necessary for the arrangement of waterproofing. Before laying, the solution must dry and settle for 15 days. Further, its surface is coated with bitumen mastic over the entire area, and a layer of roofing material is laid on its surface.
The next step will be the surface treatment with mastic and the laying of another layer of roofing material. Top should be filled with a 7-centimeter layer of concrete, which is leveled and iron.
Horizontal waterproofing must necessarily include ironing of concrete, since this stage refers to measures that provide waterproofing. After 3 hours, a 2-centimeter layer of cement, which is sifted through the sieve, should be poured on top of the concrete. The surface is leveled, after some time the cement should get wet from the moisture contained in the solution. With the resulting base, you should do the same technology that is used in the construction of a conventional screed. From time to time, its surface is wetted with water until the concrete reaches its design strength and dries.
For reference
All of the above materials for waterproofing the foundation will become effective protection of the foundation, which after drying must be covered with bitumen mastic, laying roofing material or any other similar material on top. This procedure must be repeated twice in order to form two layers. The edges of the material that hang from the base should not be trimmed; they are wound down and pressed in the form of vertical waterproofing.
Vertical insulation
When choosing materials for waterproofing the foundation, you should first think about what technology you will use. When it comes to vertical waterproofing, bituminous materials can be used. In this case, the master will have to resort to the coating method using bitumen resin. Most often, it is acquired in bars. For work, it is necessary to prepare a large tank into which 30% of the used oil is poured. To it should be added 70% of bitumen.
The container warms up, for which it is blowing to make a fire under it or to install a barrel on a gas stove. As soon as a liquid mixture forms inside, vertical waterproofing can be carried out, which involves applying the composition to the surface. The latter should first be aligned. It is necessary to use a brush or a roller in the process of work, with the help of one of which bitumen is applied to the surface. In this case, try to smear all the joints and corners. It is necessary to start from the sole of the base, ending the manipulation 20 cm above the ground. It will be necessary to form about three layers of bitumen so that the total thickness of the material is approximately 5 cm.
The nuances of bitumen waterproofing
Bituminous waterproofing of the foundation is carried out only with the use of a hot composition, so you need to make sure that the mixture does not freeze. After standing for 5 years, the surface will begin to become covered with cracks and collapse, this will cause water to enter the concrete. To extend the life of coating waterproofing, it is necessary to use bitumen-polymer mastics, which almost do not have the disadvantages of pure bitumen, since they are durable. In the market of building materials, you can find mastics of cold and hot application, as well as polymer solutions, the latter of which may have a liquid or hard consistency. To apply such materials for waterproofing the foundation, you need to follow the instructions, which may involve the use of a spray, spatula or roller.
Roll materials
Roll materials can be used as a separate layer of waterproofing or in tandem with coating compounds. A roofing material is considered to be a popular and cheap material for pasting insulation, it is fixed on the surface of the foundation, which is pre-treated with mastic or bitumen primer. At the next stage, the roofing material is heated by the burner and hardens to a vertical surface with the formation of an overlap within 20 cm.
This technology is called surfacing. There is a technique that involves fixing roofing material with adhesive mastics. Speaking of the above, the resulting layer must be covered with bitumen mastic and lay another layer of roofing material.
Recommendations of a specialist for waterproofing with an okleechny method
If you decide to use rolled materials for waterproofing the foundation, then before fusing the roofing material, the edges should be turned down and the deposited rolled materials should be strengthened. Instead of roofing material, it is permissible to use modern materials such as "Stekloizol" or "Tekhnoelast". Polyester acts as their polymer base, increasing the quality of elasticity and wear resistance. Despite the fact that the price is higher compared to roofing material, these materials are recommended by specialists to isolate the foundation. With their help, however, it will not be possible to ensure the strength of the coating without the additional use of mastic, since they do not have the ability to penetrate into the pores.
Plaster insulation
This method is quite simple and performs the function of waterproofing the base, leveling the surface. It is necessary to add hydrostatic components to the ingredients of the stucco mixture, which, after mixing, are applied with a spatula. In order to ensure that the composition is kept on the foundation, a putty mesh should be attached to it using dowels.
Plaster waterproofing has the advantages of low cost and high speed of work. However, there are also disadvantages, expressed in low hydrostability, fragility and the possibility of cracks.
For reference
Recently, polymer concrete has become increasingly popular, the use of which is common in modern construction. They are a modern type of concrete mix, in the manufacture of which a polymer is used instead of cement or silicate. Initially, the material has the form of a viscous liquid called a synthetic resin. When forming the foundation of polymer concrete, a structure is obtained that is resistant to moisture and provides for the creation of the simplest waterproofing system.
The choice of waterproofing by manufacturer
Isoplast, the price of which is 150 rubles. per square meter, is a durable, reliable and high quality material that is used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings for various purposes. It is made on two bases: fiberglass and polyester, and shale topping is used as a protective top layer.
Laying of this material is carried out on a previously prepared base by deposition. You will need a gas burner. Bonding can also be carried out on bitumen mastic. "Isoplast", the price of which depends on the variety and can reach 180 rubles. per square meter, retains heat resistance at a temperature of + 120 ° for 2 hours.
Characteristics of Tekhnoelast
"Tekhnoelast Tekhnonikol" is another type of waterproofing for the foundation. It is a surfaced material of high reliability. It can be used with constant groundwater pressure and low temperatures. According to the manufacturer, Tekhnoelast Technonikol can be used in those conditions that are unlikely to be able to withstand other materials. This insulation is made by applying a bitumen-polymer binder to a polyester or fiberglass base. Laying "Technoelast" is carried out using a propane burner.
Conclusion
Mastic "Aquaizol" can be used by you as the insulation of the foundation. It is a bitumen composition, which is consumed in a volume of 0.45 kg / m 2 . It suggests the need for a manual method of applying a cold composition. The thickness of the formed layer should be 10 mm.