In repair and construction operations it is very important to ensure the reliability of structures and joints. In many respects, the provision of this requirement is achieved through the use of building materials suitable for the characteristics, but even steel alloys and reinforced concrete will be subject to wear during operation if marking operations were disrupted. The correct arrangement of the individual components of the structure relieves the overall structure from unnecessary stress, not to mention the elementary endurance of the geometry of the lines. In addition to the conscientiousness of the master, the high-quality markup tool, which is presented on the market in a huge assortment, will correctly implement this task.
What is a marking operation?
It should immediately be determined that the marking is not necessarily a fixation of the distance from one point to another when constructing one or another design. As the manufacturing and construction standards become more complex, the processability of the marking processes also increases. During this action, the master on the construction site or the operator on the production line can determine the parameters of the workpiece, the characteristics of its location relative to other objects, etc. A modern marking tool allows you to record indicators such as length, width, height and angle.
Some models such as squares are also focused on the initial determination of how the object, its parameters or location correspond to the requirements. As for the marking process, it basically involves the manual handling of measuring and marking devices. The user, in turn, requires attention, accuracy and thoroughness in the removal and fixing of data.
Plane Marking Tool
A distinctive feature of the tool, designed to perform measurements and drawings in the same plane, is sharpening for basic geometric calculations. With the help of such devices, the user indicates the boundaries of the contours, interaxal distances, puts risks, fixes angular deviations. Similar actions are performed by spatial markup models, but they are distinguished by just the minimum productivity in working on the same plane. So, to a planar group of tools of this type is a metalwork square, various scribbles, protractors, rulers, etc. It is important to note that such operations also require auxiliary devices that are not directly related to measurements and markings. For example, in this capacity use stops and conductors.
Such actions are not always primary when performing architectural and design activities. Such a tool is also used in the verification of existing structures. If adjustments are required, then, for example, a metal scriber or shtikhel can be used. It will allow to build with high accuracy the points at which a new structure or object will be installed in the future.
Spatial Marking Tool
It has already been noted that devices for spatial marking are not always advisable to use for work in one plane. However, the tool for planar constructions is quite suitable for some operations with three-dimensional figures. The main difference between the spatial dimension for marking is precisely the work in several planes. The standard situation is when marking devices of this type are used in fixing parameters on one plane, after which the number of adjacent axes is checked.
A specialized tool for such operations can be called a vertical ruler and a surface gage. By the way, sometimes a horizontal plate is also used as a platform for measurements - its use guarantees the correct position of the workpiece on the base plane. In working with voluminous objects, a caliper with victorious soldering, provided with a locking screw, is also used. This tool is used to evaluate the main parameters of the object, and to perform the marks if necessary.
Features of wood tools
Carpentry and carpentry operations with wood differ from metalwork with less stringent requirements for the characteristics of the tool used. Measuring devices can be made of metal, wood, and polymer - from modern technological material. In standard carpentry sets, marking tools for wood can be represented by rulers, tape measures and other devices for performing measuring activities. Especially for circles, geometric compasses of the required size are also used. For effective fixation of deviations use a square. This is a small device, usually presented in the form of a perpendicular, to assess the correctness of the vertical position of the structure.
Features of metal tools
In working with metal workpieces, a special tool is required that can be used to perform in-depth markings and draw contours on a solid surface. Conventional marking does not always justify itself, so the same scriber for working with metal or a bench square are made of high-strength steel grades. The same applies to calipers. The presence in their composition of wear-resistant working tips is due not only to the possibility of performing in-depth marking. Soft metals are subject to deformation, due to which regulatory accuracy is lost. For this reason, tool manufacturers use win-win soldering and make the basis of steel of special grades.
In terms of technological measurement methods, this tool as a whole corresponds to the analogues intended for wood. Structurally, the metal marking tool is almost identical to the same compasses and thicknesses, but it is important to take into account another feature. The housing base in the handle part, for example, can be universal. Using different nozzles, the master applies it both in operations with wood materials and in working with metal. For example, thicknessers in many models can be equipped with metal wear-resistant cores.
Painting tools
In fact, any marking means applying an in-depth contour or dot notch. This function allows you to perform a wide range of tools, including drafting tools, calipers and standard thicknesses, compasses of the spring type and core - a tool that is the simplest representative of this group. Conversely, multifunctional devices implement the task of labeling as auxiliary. These include, for example, models that allow you to find and center parts. These are special varieties of cores, squares, conveyance, etc.
Racking
The risk itself is a recess made on the surface of a workpiece or structure using a core, that is, a metal scriber. This operation serves as a fixation of the previously performed markup. It would seem, why, in fact, deform the material if it is possible to mark the same contours with paint. But, firstly, the core creates a recess that will not be erased unlike the outer coating, and secondly, it is the in-depth risks that, in addition to the spatial notch, can immediately prepare for drilling. The core itself is a simple and unpretentious tool in content. As a rule, it has a rod base turning into a cone with a point. The core is guided by risk with two fingers, placed perpendicular to a given point and easily hammered in with a hammer. Thus, punching is performed on metal surfaces.
Staining as a marking method
Hard coreing is not always acceptable. It can not be performed on surfaces that must retain their original appearance, and in work with workpieces made of high strength hard alloys. The way out may be the use of staining techniques. But it should be understood that this technique has nothing to do with marking with paint. In this case, the entire surface of the workpiece is painted, and the resulting outer layer serves only to simplify the application of contours and notching points. After staining, the same marking tool is used in the form of a core, square or compass. However, the coating can be formed only by special resistant compounds. It can be copper sulfate, diluted chalk or a special quick-drying varnish.
Marking Aids
A high degree of accuracy of the marking operations performed depends not only on the tool used, but also on the conditions in which the work process is carried out. To increase the convenience and quality of such events, vertical racks, special jacks, linings, rotary and dividing devices, headstock for centering, etc. are used. A marking plate that imitates a plane belongs to the main devices of this kind. On this platform, you can perform planar and spatial marking, as well as paint.
Mechanization of marking actions
Marking operations relate to those areas of construction and design processes that are reluctantly translated into mechanization. Especially when it comes to responsible procedures, manual verification is indispensable. Nevertheless, certain stages nevertheless undergo a transition to modern principles of work. The mechanized marking tool today is represented by electric cores. Unlike traditional models, such modifications are equipped with a power filling that drives the percussion mechanism. Actually, the alignment of the tool and its working part is carried out directly by the master, but instead of a light blow with a hammer, automatic slaughter of the sharp part of the tool is realized.
Marking Tool Manufacturers
Almost all manufacturers of construction equipment and hand tools produce measuring devices, part of which are marking devices. The premium brands in the segment include Bosch, RUBI, Irwin and Sturm. Among the companies that specialize in the instrument, MATRIX, Stanley, FIT, etc. stand out. Among Russian manufacturers we can mention Zubr, Kontfors and Enkor. As for prices, the simplest core marking devices cost about 100-200 rubles. A compass or scriber for metal is already estimated at 500-700 rubles. Multifunctional technically sophisticated or large-sized devices can cost about 1-2 thousand rubles.
Conclusion
In choosing the right gauge for marking, it is important to consider the tasks that are planned to be carried out with its help. With all the advantages of universal tools, manufacturers still recommend turning to specialized models. For example, high-quality bench marking tools significantly exceed accuracy modifications, also oriented to carpentry and carpentry. True, if we are talking about domestic use in the private sector, then a multifunctional tool can also be useful . Still, the main thing in markup operations is the accuracy and attentiveness of the artist himself. From preparatory activities to the final punching of the rice, each step should be performed slowly and with multiple checks of the result.