Manor Lefortovo in Moscow is one of the oldest districts. The territory changed beyond recognition for many centuries according to the whims of its various owners, each time demonstrating their unique characters and tastes.
The beginning of the story
The past Lefortovo is intertwined with the history of Yauza. This river flows in the German settlement. The first factual references to the settlements of various foreigners in Moscow can be found in the writings of the XVI - XVII centuries. The Livonian war was the reason for the appearance of many foreigners in the capital. It is believed that the first German settlement in the city, located between Yauza and the Kukuy stream, was formed from captured prisoners separated by Ivan the Terrible.
Heyday
The reign of Peter 1 turned the German settlement and the neighboring village of Preobrazhenskoe into a noble Moscow suburb. These lands have also become the core of Russian political life. Here Peter and Franz Lefort met . In the future they will become best friends. Peter often spent time on the banks of the Yauza River, in the modest house of his acquaintance. The king always visited Lefort with a crowd of happy acquaintances. The large hall, attached to the apartment of a friend and designed for 1,500 guests, was paid for by Peter. But this seemed to the king a little. In the years 1697-1698. in the place of a modest house stone mansions were built, paid in full with official money. When started at the end of the XVII century. under the leadership of Peter the military reorganization, the entire left bank was transferred to the disposal of the military settlements of the Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky and Lefortovo regiments. In 1692, in September, the construction of 500 soldiers' barracks began. They stood in the exact right order, and in this situation it was already possible to distinguish between the directions of streets or lanes. New bridges appeared across the river, called the Soldiers' and Hospital, and in 1711 the construction of a stone church began, bearing the name of Saints Peter and Paul.
Thus began the existence of the Lefortovo estate. The constructed palace almost became the representation of Peter the Great. The settlement in the new chambers was celebrated in February 1699. In March of the same year, Peter's friend died. But construction continued here. In 1706-1707 Peter's order was executed, and a "military hospital" was erected for the wounded employees. Left bank of Yauza in the 18th century served as a place for walking and living, the capital's seat of the emperor. F.A. Golovin, an approximate king, began to build it.
Fedor Alekseevich in 1701 purchased a house near the Lefortovo Palace from the former wife of the late merchant and built a manor there according to European traditions. Later it became the king’s residence. Later Lefortovo estate was bought by Peter from the successors of Fedor Alekseevich. In its place, Bidloo began to equip a new palace on behalf of the emperor and added water sources during its construction.
Development
Behind Yauza the construction of palaces went on; Lefortovo estate expanded. During the reign of Peter II, the chambers were in palaces that have a magnificent history. Here Peter II and Ekaterina Dolgorukaya became spouses, the Supreme Privy Council decided to seize the Courland Anna Ioannovna, who was Peter I the niece, and her victory was celebrated here. The ruler ordered FB Rastrelli to erect new royal chambers. Under the reign of Paul I, starting from 1796 to 1801, the Lefortovo estate began to look in a military dress style. The Catherine Palace turned into the barracks of the Arkharovsky police regiment. The Sloboda chambers, which were the royal representation, were placed by the new ruler on the right bank of the Yauza River, next to the Lefort Palace. The buildings, located on different banks of the river, began to connect a stone bridge. He, slightly changed, has survived now. Today it is the oldest Moscow bridge. Although Paul I was the last person to live here, ceremonial events were sometimes noted here, such as the accession to the throne of Alexander II in 1856. Since 1830, these lands have become Blagushe-Lefortovo district of the capital.
Present time
In 2005, the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve was created. It includes Golovinsky park, which will be reconstructed and open for excursions. About the territory on which the Lefortovo estate is located, the reviews are the most enthusiastic. Tourists who come to see this place are amazed at the scope of construction and the decoration of palaces. Invariably annually attracts history connoisseurs Lefortovo estate. How to get to this place? Walking distance from metro station "Baumanskaya" can be reached in 20 minutes. From the area of three stations to the estate, tram number 50 goes, and from Kurskaya metro station number 24. On the 24th trolleybus you can get from Aviamotornaya metro station and Krasnye Vorota metro station.