DIY drainage can easily be done on site if necessary. This may be necessary when there is excessive humidity in the area, which can cause many problems. If you have not thought about this issue, then the first signs that you should pay attention to are stagnant puddles. They may not leave the site for several days or even weeks. Do not neglect these shortcomings of the territory, because after some time you will certainly encounter problems such as not only wetting the foundation, but also its destruction. Small troubles in the form of soaked plants and trees that can even die from excess moisture cannot be avoided. Especially often, a do-it-yourself drainage device is necessary if it is located in a lowland where the groundwater level is high.
Types of drainage
Drainage can be arranged in one of several ways. The first is called deep drainage, the second - superficial. The last of these is used to drain water that accumulates after seasonal floods or heavy rainfall, while the first is used to reduce the level of soil moisture through the removal of groundwater. The type of drainage, as a rule, is chosen not only depending on the condition of the site, but also in accordance with the preferences of the owner. Despite the fact that each variety has differences and its own characteristics, you can arrange it on your own.
Features of drainage design
Do-it-yourself drainage should be done according to the rules. So, if we talk about the superficial, then this view can be pointwise or linear. The first is designed to drain fluid from oversized areas, which are very isolated. But if there is a need to cope with the accumulation of water, then it is necessary to equip the water intakes, which assume, in their basis, the presence of point drainage. These may be territories located under gutters, in lowlands of the relief, as well as in the lower part of terraces, and entrance areas also serve as objects for installing point drainage. This system is the simplest and does not imply the need for preliminary preparation of a special scheme.
Do-it-yourself drainage on the site will be more complex when it comes to a linear type system. This type of drainage provides for the task of draining water from buildings, in addition, such systems are perfectly able to cope with the protection of paths on the site from the water of the paths, they also protect entrances perfectly, and also resist the erosion of the fertile soil layer from the territory of the suburban area.
Features of linear drainage
If we describe the linear drainage, then we can say the following: this design is represented by a pre-planned system of shallow trenches. The latter are laid at a certain angle, located along the perimeter of the territory and in those places where water accumulation is most noted. Do-it-yourself drainage on the garden site involves the design of the site. There should be a main trench, which is necessary to collect water falling into the ditches. Its end should be in the water intake, which can be a ravine or a traditional storm sewer.
During the design, it is necessary to take into account places where stagnation of water is noted. This is necessary in order to lay trenches from these points to the main drainage system. It must be understood that the runoff slope must be correctly calculated, otherwise the water will not leave. The smallest slope of the drainage is 0.003 m, as for sandy soils. As for clay soils, this indicator should be equal to 0.002 m. The water intake must be positioned so that its position is below the linear drainage, it is with this calculation that it is necessary to make the site do-it-yourself drainage. Drainage sites, as practice shows, is most effective if the slope is set equal to 0.005-0.01 m
Features of the arrangement of surface drainage
When arranging the surface drainage of the territory, two methods must be applied. The first one is open. It involves digging open trenches. The walls of such structures should be formed at an angle equal to 30 °, it is precisely these parameters that allow the liquid to flow freely into the ditch. The design should have a width within 0.5 m, while its depth should be equivalent to 0.7 m. The main advantage of such a system is the ease of execution. However, there is a serious minus, which is expressed in an unaesthetic appearance, which will spoil the overall impression of the site.
Strengthening the walls of the drainage system
Among other things, it should be noted that if the walls are not strengthened, then they will soon begin to crumble, which will render the building unusable. You can solve this problem by using crushed stone dumping, which prevents the destruction of the trench, but at the same time you can not avoid the fact that the throughput will be significantly reduced.
Do-it-yourself site drainage, the device technology of which must be studied before starting work, involves crushing the bottom of the groove with rubble, using coarse-grained material, while fine gravel should be used for the top. This will solve the problem of crumbling walls. From above everything can be covered with turf.
The problem of shedding can also be solved by the use of drainage trays mounted in trenches; from above, everything must be covered with grates. The latter are necessary in order to exclude the entry of garbage. The trays can be based on concrete, plastic or polymer concrete, while the grill can be steel or plastic.
Features of the device of deep drainage
If you are interested in the construction of a drainage system on a site, then you can also consider the features of installing a deep type structure. This will reduce the total soil moisture. In order to ensure the effective operation of the system, it should be located below the line of groundwater. Initially, a geodetic plan of the site is made, which will help to understand where the aquifer lies.
In order to determine at what depth the drains will lie, average values must be taken into account. Thus, the pipes can be positioned at a depth of 0.6 to 1.5 m.
If you have to work with the territory on which peat soils, you should lay trenches more deeply, this is due to the fact that such soils settle pretty soon. Installation depth - within 1-1.6 m. In order to work on the arrangement of the system, it is necessary to use pipes with perforation. As a rule, they are based on plastic. Do-it-yourself drainage at the summer cottage, the device of which is described in the article, is done using drains, as for the deep system. Thus, drains are pipes Ø50-200 mm, in which there are holes Ø1.5-5 mm.
Installation recommendations for deep drainage
In the case of the deep system, as well as the arrangement of surface drainage, the system assumes the presence of a main trench. It will collect moisture from secondary pipes, and its end will go into the water intake. When planning, it is necessary to take into account that perforated pipes will be mounted on the basis of sand and gravel. In the course of the work, it will be necessary to produce trench equipment. To do this, dig channels with a width of 40 cm. The base is layered on the bottom in layers, only after which you can start laying the pipe. Sometimes it is wrapped with geotextile, which helps protect the holes from clogging.
Installation of wells
Without the help of specialists at the first level, a deep drainage of the site with your own hands cannot be made; project, device must be trusted by a team of professionals. In order to be able to control the drainage process and clean the system, special wells must be installed. They can be based on reinforced concrete. However, if the depth of the drainage is not more than 3 m, then corrugated pipes should be used . Facilities should be supplemented with covers to prevent debris from entering.
Well Installation Recommendations
You must comply with all the rules, if you decide to implement a drainage device on the site, the general idea of deep type drainage involves placing wells in a straight line from steps of 50 m, as for the winding trench, then the wells should be at every turn. Be sure to contact the geodetic service if there is a need to build such a deep drainage system.