Winged words are stable figurative combinations that have come into speech use from various sources: folklore, scientific works, literary works, sayings of prominent figures, names of famous events. They constantly appear, but subsequently can be forgotten or will remain forever.
Millennia have survived some winged expressions. Examples can be given from antiquity, where authors are known only by specialists. Few people can say that the phrase “do not argue about tastes” is a quote from Cicero’s speech.
The emergence of winged words
The expression "winged words" first appeared in Homer's poems. As a term, it has been translated into many languages. The first collection of catch phrases was published in the 19th century in Germany. He subsequently withstood many editions.
Due to their stability and reproducibility, winged words belong to phraseology, but their author's origin allowed them to take their special place among other means of speech. When rearranging words, the phraseological construction is destroyed and the general meaning is lost. Also, there is no sense in each word taken separately from the expression. It is a given combination that makes them special.
Winged phrases and expressions accumulate and remain due to the development of civilization. They remain in cultural memory only through writing.
Wise phrases have always been recorded and stored for posterity.
Winged expressions and aphorisms
A good aphorism briefly and figuratively conveys to us the causes of many phenomena of life and at the same time gives moral advice. He is an exquisite literary work, arranged in one phrase. It is no accident that Chekhov said brevity is the sister of talent.
The aphorisms of ancient philosophers that survived millennia explained a lot that was not yet discovered by science. The meaning of these winged phrases has remained unchanged, and civilization has managed to preserve them.
Moreover, science has confirmed the truth of most of them.
Not all aphorisms are winged expressions. Numerous examples can be given, and many of the aphorisms lead into the world of illusions and abstractions. And winged phrases are alive and more reflecting the realities of life. Therefore, they are especially important when they just appear, vividly and figuratively reflecting today's events and phenomena.
Winged expressions from works
A treasure trove of winged expressions are the creations of the classics of Russian literature: Pushkin, Krylov, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov. Not always repeating them produces the desired effect. But they must be known and applied in accordance with the situation:
“Not so, to say the least,
When missed decisions a minute.
We learn from mistakes not in vain,
And croaking with cheese in its beak is cool! ”
The evolution of winged phrases transforms them and brings them closer to modern realities: “Now you can’t erase the impression”, “Your common sense is not suitable for this life”.
They can be created in the process of translation and adaptation to our society.
In Shakespeare's work Hamlet, there are 61 catchphrases. The writer deliberately created a pun and a pun: "Being pregnant, your name is a woman." The expression is based on a violation of linearity. If it were built in the usual manner, no one would have paid attention to it. He so skillfully uses puns, inversions, and other tricks that special meaning and irony emerge from sets of words.
Quotes from the works of Ilf and Petrov are recognizable and often found in the media winged expressions. Examples are precedent phenomena from the works “The Golden Calf” and “The Twelve Chairs”, which include the names of the characters and sayings.
The catchphrases in the works of Ilf and Petrov have long become speech stamps, ready-made standards. This is a wide field for the work of writers, journalists and just amateurs. It is important not only to deftly insert the desired phrase, but to present it in a new perspective, from a different angle. It is necessary not only to know winged expressions and words, but also to be able to use them, creating something of their own.
Winged expressions enrich the text, strengthen argumentation and attract the attention of readers.
Comedy Expressions
Comic effects create winged expressions from comedies. Griboedov’s work is especially saturated with them, where the name “Woe from Wit” already sets the whole tone. It has remained relevant until now, when many minds cannot break through an array of misunderstanding, and new ideas are considered completely unnecessary and dangerous for society. For some comedy heroes, an alternative to the mind is iron discipline (“You can't fool me with scholarship” - Skalozub), for others it simply does harm (“Learning is the plague ...” - Famusov). In this comedy it is not known whether to laugh or cry?
Cinema is the source of catchphrases
In Soviet times, cinema was one of the most widespread sources from which winged phrases and expressions rained like from a cornucopia. They were immediately picked up by the people, for example, after the release of Gaidai films. They became so popular that many do not even remember which of the heroes pronounced them. The funniest phrases from the comedies of Gaidai entered our lives and became winged:
- “Everything has already been stolen before us”;
- "Thank you, I will stand on foot ...";
- “Train better on cats”;
- "We are strangers at this celebration of life."
Conclusion
The source of phraseological units are the sayings of the classics of literature, philosophers, famous people. These are mostly winged expressions. Examples can be found in collections constantly published since the 19th century. Winged expressions remain in the memory of peoples and are enhanced by writing and the development of culture.