In the era of romanticism, music took first place in the art system. This is due to its specificity, which allows you to most fully reflect emotional experiences with the help of the entire arsenal of expressive means.
Romanticism in music appears in the nineteenth century in the works of F. Schubert, E. Hoffmann, N. Paganini, K.M. Weber, J. Rossini. A little later, this style was reflected in the works of F. Mendelssohn, F. Chopin, R. Schumann, F. Liszt, J. Verdi and other composers.
Romanticism is a trend in art that originated in Europe at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It has become a kind of opposition to classicism. Romanticism allowed the listener to penetrate the magical world of legends, songs and tales. The leading principle of this direction is the opposition (dreams and everyday life, an ideal world and everyday life) created by the creative imagination of the composer. This style was popular among creative people until the forties of the 19th century.
Romanticism in music reflects the problems of modern man, his conflict with the outside world and his loneliness. These topics become central to the work of composers. Being a gifted creative person, unlike others, a person constantly feels a lack of understanding from others. His talent becomes the cause of loneliness. That is why the favorite heroes of romantic composers are poets, musicians and artists (R. Schumann “Poet's Love”; Berlioz - subtitle “Episode from the Artist's Life” to “Fantastic Symphony” and others).
Transmitting the world of man’s inner experiences, romanticism in music quite often carries a touch of autobiographical, sincerity, lyricism. Widely used themes of love, passion. For example, the famous composer R. Schumann devoted many piano pieces to his lover, Clara Wieck.
The theme of nature is also quite common in the work of romantics. Often, composers contrast it with the mental state of a person, staining with shades of disharmony.
The subject of fiction was a real discovery of the romantics. They are actively working on the creation of fabulously fantastic heroes and the transmission of their images through various elements of the musical language (Mozart “The Magic Flute” - Queen of the Night).
Often, romanticism in music appeals to folk art. Composers in their works use a variety of folklore elements (rhythms, intonations, ancient frets), taken from songs and ballads. This allows you to significantly enrich the content of musical plays.
The use of new images and thus necessitated the search for appropriate forms and means of expression. So in romantic works, speech intonations, natural modes, oppositions of different keys, solo parts (voices) appear.
Romanticism in music embodied the idea of synthesizing the arts. An example of this is the programmatic works of Schumann, Berlioz, List and other composers (the symphony Harold in Italy, the poem Preludes, the cycle Years of Wanderings, etc.).
Russian romanticism was clearly reflected in the works of A. Alyabyev, M. Glinka, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Borodin, C. Cui, M. Balakirev, P. Tchaikovsky and others.
In his works, A. Dargomyzhsky conveys multifaceted psychological images (The Mermaid, romances). In the opera Ivan Susanin, M. Glinka paints a picture of the life of a simple Russian people. The top of the romantic style is rightfully considered the works of composers of the famous "Mighty Handful". They used expressive means and characteristic intonations inherent in Russian folk song, household music, and colloquial speech.
Subsequently, A. Scriabin (prelude to “Dreams”, the poem “To the Flame”) and S. Rachmaninov (etudes-paintings, opera “Aleko”, cantata “Spring”) also turned to this style.