All grape varieties have their own distinctive qualities, for which they are loved by winegrowers. This applies not only to the taste and size of the clusters, but also to the timing of ripening and picking, growth, planting and care rules, regionalization. Today we will talk about Kodryanka grapes, present its characteristics.
History of occurrence
Codrianka refers to a hybrid variety that was obtained by crossing two varieties - Marshall and Moldova. The hybrid has another name - Black Magic. The variety was bred in the 70s of the last century in Moldova, where it is now very much appreciated.
Kodryanka grapes: description of the variety
The variety is an early ripe table destination, the period from the beginning to the end of ripening is from one hundred to one hundred and twenty days. The bush of the plant is voluminous and vigorous. The vine ripens along its entire length. With a short pruning, the load on the bush should not exceed 17-20 shoots. There are bisexual flowers on the bush, so additional pollination is not required. Bunches of grapes have a mass of 500-600 grams, some can reach one and a half kilograms. The berries are large - 31x19 mm, weighing about 8 grams, ovoid or elongated. Their color is dark purple, almost black. The variety has tasty, juicy and fleshy flesh with a small amount of seeds.
When growing Kodryanka grapes, it should be noted that in adverse years it is prone to peeling. This can be avoided using gibberellin: its use will lead to less peeling and the formation of large berries without seeds.
Characteristic
The variety is high-yielding. The first crop can be obtained already for 2-3 season after planting seedlings. Climatic conditions do not affect the quality and quantity of the crop.
Kodryanka has high stable rates of shoot ripening, as a percentage - 80-90 percent. The variety is unpretentious in care. It has a stable immunity to a number of diseases. Almost not affected by gray rot and mildew.
Grapes are resistant to temperature extremes: in spring, it can withstand light frosts, and in summer it copes with drought better than other varieties. The frost resistance threshold of the variety is quite high: up to -23 ° C.
Unlike most grape varieties, Kodryanka is slightly affected by wasps, which makes it easier to care for.
Landing
The variety is distributed in Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine, the southern and central regions of Russia. The level of productivity directly depends on the proper planting and care of the plant. And although this variety is unpretentious to the choice of soil, generally accepted requirements should be observed when planting.
Seat selection
To create a vineyard, it is better to choose open, unshaded places. Should be abandoned cultivation in wetlands and lowlands. Do not plant seedlings where groundwater is located close. They should be at a depth of at least 2.5 meters from the surface of the earth.
The soil
For growing grapes it is preferable to choose light, "breathing" soil, it feels great on sandy and rocky. Interestingly, growing on stony, poor soil, Kodryanka gives sweeter fruits.
Step-by-step instructions for planting grapes
The best planting material is considered to be annual seedlings, but cuttings can also be used. Before landing, a landing hole of 50x50 centimeters in size is prepared in advance. At the bottom, medium-sized gravel is laid as drainage (you can replace it with pebbles or broken bricks) with a layer of at least 10 centimeters. Preparing a fertile mixture:
- superphosphate;
- land;
- humus;
- potassium salt.
Before you fill up the roots of a seedling, you need to mix everything. After planting, the soil around the roots is compacted and poured with water, 2 buckets are required per hole. During rooting of the seedling, the soil must be kept moist, but not flooded. When placing holes, the future size of the vine must be considered. The distance when planting between the bushes should be at least 2 meters, and with a lowercase - already 3.
Rules for planting seedlings
For planting grapes with seedlings, early spring or late autumn is considered the best time. After the first autumn frosts begin, planting cannot be done.
Landing pit is prepared in advance. In it, a little earlier than the intended planting, earth with mineral fertilizers is poured. Very carefully, without rooting, the seedlings are placed in the hole. In order not to harm the delicate root system, the earth should be poured into the hole in the hands in small portions. A grape trellis is installed next to the planting site, to which a seedling is tied. Subsequently, it is used to adjust the direction of vine growth.
Abundant watering contributes to faster rooting of the seedling. And during the autumn planting, watering will protect the seedling from frostbite. To protect the grapes from the first frosts, it is recommended to plant the plant. There is another option: cover the handle with a barrel without a bottom and carefully fill it with earth.
Planting by cuttings
Early spring is the most suitable time for planting Kodryanka with cuttings. But after the period of sap flow begins, it is not recommended to plant them.
The cut stalk is immersed in water for 2 days. After that, the upper part is dipped in hot paraffin, and the root is placed in a solution to accelerate growth. For this, the drug "Humate" is suitable, it should be diluted in the following proportion: ten drops per liter of water.
In a pre-prepared hole, not very deep, a stalk is planted, then it is well compacted with earth.
It is recommended to cover the ground with polyethylene with a small hole for the handle.
Care Features
In order to achieve high yields when growing Kodryanka grapes, the plant must be provided with quality care. We outline several basic requirements:
- Timely and plentiful watering.
- Mulching the soil.
- Shelter of seedlings and adult grape bushes for the winter.
- Timely pruning of bushes.
- Spray twice a season from gray rot, mildew. This event is held before flowering and after the berries are tied.
- To provide the plant with access to sunlight, shading should be avoided.
Watering
For good growth, Kodryanka grapes require abundant and regular watering. Vine bushes of this variety grow well and give a rich harvest. The water consumption is as follows: for one young bush 25 is required, for an adult - 45-50 liters of water.
Mulching
In order to keep the moisture in the earth a little longer and benefit the plant, the soil around it must be mulched. In this quality, peat or humus is used. They cover the soil only in early spring and autumn. In the summer, this should not be done, otherwise the roots will begin to churn and rot. Mulch is laid around the entire perimeter around the stem.
Shelter for the winter
Despite the fact that the Kodryanka variety is resistant to frost, in the first years after planting it needs to be spudded and covered. Otherwise, the bush may die. For the winter, the vine is removed from the trellis for grapes and covered with straw or hay. In order for the covering material not to be carried away by the wind, something heavy must be placed on top of the hay (straw).
Pruning
The grapes do not need to be pruned for the first couple of years after planting. After fruiting begins, usually in the fall, young shoots are pruned. In older plants, dry and non-fruiting branches are pruned. Using pruning, you can form a bush.
Fertilizer
Kodryanka grapes do not particularly need fertilizers. He needs only those that come to the roots during mulching. You can make mineral and organic fertilizers once a year during spring digging.
Useful properties of grapes
Grape juice contains a large amount of vitamins B, C, P and carotene, its flesh and skin are rich in pectin. Due to its composition, the juice has an antiseptic effect, protects against infectious diseases.
It is recommended to use grapes for people with anemia, with problems of the cardiovascular system, liver. Berries have a beneficial effect on the protective functions of the body, help with chronic bronchitis. In addition, grapes are a favorite treat for both young children and adults.
Pests and diseases
The Codryanka variety is quite resistant to damage by various diseases. Typically, standard formulations are used for spraying. The following measures are taken from pests and rodents: the stem of grapes is well tied with spruce and spuds with earth.
If problems arise with wasps, several effective measures should be taken in order to preserve the berries:
- All hornet nests located near the vineyard must be removed.
- To cover grapes, use special mesh bags.
- Arrange baits: put jam, honey and other sweets in a small container.
Grapes Kodryanka: reviews
Gardeners involved in the cultivation of this variety, note its high productivity, unusual taste, unpretentious care. Huge clusters with large berries, which hold tight to the bush, are encouraging. Berries with a few seeds.