At the end of the 20s of the twentieth century, it became clear that the NEP (new industrial policy) would not be able to ensure a quick and effective transition to an industrial economy from an agrarian one, and also provide a bridgehead for the country's defense in a possible war.
Therefore, the All-Union Bolshevik Party, led by Stalin, introduced a new economic regime. The period of existence of this policy is called the “great turning point”.
Principles of the regime
The great turning point of 1929 was based on the general industrialization of production and the collectivization of agriculture. This means that private farms and small cooperatives were liquidated everywhere, and collective farms — collective farms — were established in their place. All resources were concentrated, according to the Bolsheviks, in the hands of the working class, but in reality - the government.
Mass repressions were carried out against some social groups (in most cases against the peasant bourgeoisie - “kulaks”). Convicted peasants were then used as cheap labor in a large number of large-scale construction projects.
The “great turning point” meant that the country needed a global industrial revolution, and for this the state needed a large amount of resources - both raw materials and workers. For this, the Donetsk and Krivorozhsky basins and many other manganese, coal, and bauxite deposits were involved.
Real situation
Contrary to all expectations, the actual state of the country was far from so good. When Stalin began the "great turning point", he did not take into account that the peasants would not so easily give their property to the state. Violent grain procurements were accompanied by massive discontent, and as a result, arrests and ruin of farms. This ultimately led to widespread rebellion. The peasants, not wanting to give their cattle and property, deliberately slaughtered animals and cut crops.
The state responded very harshly to this rebellion by sending special troops to the villages. With the support of the army, people were forcibly driven into collective farms and all property was taken from them. Churches were massively closed, the buildings themselves were used for household needs, and church servants were arrested, since the “great turning point” also signified the beginning of mass religious persecution.
Effects
Attempts to suppress riots led only to an even greater aggravation of the situation in the country. In January 1930, 346 performances were recorded, in February - 736, and in the first two weeks of March - 595. And this is only on the territory of modern Russia! In Ukraine, rebellions swept more than a thousand settlements. The unrest became too numerous, so the government had to mitigate the “great turning point”, while blaming the local leaders for all that was happening. However, the uprisings only temporarily halted the pace of the coup, and after some time the “turn” of 1929 resumed again. This time it was easier to implement, as the organizers of the riots and the most active participants were sent to Siberia. Almost all the “fists" together with their families were repressed along with them.