All organs and systems of the human body are closely interconnected, they interact using the nervous system, which regulates all the mechanisms of life, from digestion to the process of reproduction. It is known that the human nervous system (NS) provides a connection between the human body and the external environment. The unit of NS is a neuron, which is a nerve cell that conducts impulses to other cells of the body. Connecting into neural chains, nerve cells form a whole system, both somatic and vegetative.
1. The human somatic nervous system regulates the musculoskeletal system, and also innervates the skin. It controls the connection of the human body with the external environment, the movement of a person in space, the functioning of the sensory organs and the development of skeletal muscles.
2. Vegetative NS coordinates the work of organs and processes within the body without the participation of the will and consciousness of a person.
The structure of the nervous system:
1. The central NS consists of the spinal cord and brain located in such bone cavities as the skull and spinal canal;
2. Peripheral. It consists of nerve plexuses and endings, nerves and nodes located outside the skull and spinal canal.
The structure of the spinal cord resembles a tube filled with cerebrospinal fluid, consisting of white and gray substances. The brain has the posterior, middle and anterior parts, from which the auditory, visual and olfactory brain nerves depart. The brain has two cerebral hemispheres, the brain stem and cerebellum. It consists of gray matter, which forms the cerebral cortex, and white matter. From the brain, both spinal and brain, mixed nerves depart, which regulate the metabolism in the tissues of the body.
Thus, the central nervous system is formed by the brain that passes into the spinal cord, and the brain stem is located at the border.
Peripheral nerves depart from the spinal canal to parts of the body, for example, to the limbs or trunk, thereby ensuring the transmission of signals to the central NS from the environment.
It is known that the human nervous system works on the principle of reflex, which is aimed at changing the functioning of the body under the influence of the external environment. When a certain stimulus is exposed to nerve fibers, a response of the body occurs, thus, the central nervous system of a person maintains a connection between organs, tissues and blood vessels located in the body, with the environment.
The functions of the National Assembly include:
- coordination of the activities of organs and systems, their integration into a whole organism;
- regulation of human interactions with his environment using the senses.
We can say that the NS is plastic, as it is able to restructure its work when changes in the needs of the human body occur. This mechanism is especially relevant when one of the brain regions of the brain is damaged.
Since the human nervous system coordinates the work of all organs, its damage affects the activity of both nearby and distant structures, and is accompanied by a failure of the functions of organs, tissues and body systems. The reasons for the malfunction of the nervous system may lie in the presence of infections or poisoning of the body, in the occurrence of a tumor or trauma, in diseases of the National Assembly and metabolic disorders.
Thus, human NS plays a leading role in the formation and development of the human body. Thanks to the evolutionary improvement of the nervous system, the psyche and consciousness of man developed. The nervous system is a vital mechanism for regulating the processes that occur in the human body