Registration of fixed assets: the procedure for registration, how to arrange, tips and recommendations

Fixed assets of the enterprise are material objects used in the release of goods, production of works, provision of services, as well as for managerial needs. This category includes both exploited values ​​and assets held in stock, leased or mothballed.

General characteristics of the OS

For registration of fixed assets, the useful life must be more than 12 months. Moreover, the value of the property does not matter.

Therefore, values ​​with a service life of less than a year are not recognized as an asset. Material assets , equipment and machinery transferred for installation or to be installed, objects on the way or in the group of incomplete capital investments do not apply to fixed assets .

Important point

Please note that the main asset is an object with all its accessories and fixtures, or a structurally isolated product designed to perform specific independent functions, or a complex of several mechanisms, components, etc., used to perform certain tasks. As such a complex, one or several objects of the same or different purposes are used, having common control, accessories, devices mounted on the same plane, as a result of which each element can perform functions exclusively when interacting with other components, and not independently.

General procedure for registering fixed assets

OS objects are accounted at historical cost. It is calculated as the sum of all actual investments in the construction, acquisition or manufacture of an asset. For registration of fixed assets, the amounts paid are taken into account:

• under the supply agreement (purchase and sale);
• for carrying out work under a contract or other agreement;
• for the provision of intermediary, consulting, information services related to the acquisition of fixed assets;
• upon receipt of rights to property;
• as customs duties;
• for delivery of the facility to the place of operation, including insurance costs;
• in other cases, if they are associated with the acquisition, manufacture or construction of fixed assets.

Cost is recognized as the carrying amount of the property. It can be changed exclusively during retrofitting, completion, modernization, reconstruction, partial dismantlement (liquidation of elements) and during revaluation.

Posting in budget organizations

When registering fixed assets, transactions are formed as follows:

• Dt. 106 01 310 Ct 208 00 000 (302 00 000).

Account 106 01 310 summarizes information on all costs associated with the acquisition of property.

VAT in budget accounting

If contractors and suppliers present tax amounts for the supply of fixed assets, they are taken into account either as part of capital investments (acquisition of funds from budget financing or from activities that generate income and are not subject to VAT), or are charged to the account. 2 210 01 560 “Increase in the amount of VAT receivables on received material values, services, works” (purchase with funds from profitable activities and subject to VAT).

Historical cost

Regardless of the manner in which objects are received at the enterprise, the amount of acquisition costs is summarized in the account 08. At the time the OS is put into operation, the initial cost is written off. As a result, when registering a fixed asset, the wiring is done as follows:

• Dt. 01 Ct. 08.

Purchase for a fee

This is the most common way to get property. The primary documents for registration of fixed assets are in such cases, the contract of sale and the act of acceptance. The initial cost is formed, as mentioned above, from all the costs of the purchase, with the exception of VAT and other reimbursable payments. This rule is enshrined in PBU 6/01 (paragraph 8).

For registration of fixed assets purchased for a fee, as a rule, the following entries are made:

• Dt. 08 Ct. 60 (76, etc.).

Consider an example. In accordance with the contract of sale, the company acquired an asset, the value of which is 238,950 rubles. (including VAT 36,450 rubles). In addition, services were paid for the delivery of the facility to the warehouse - 29 thousand rubles. For clarity, the wiring is presented in the table.

Similarly (with minor amendments), registration of fixed assets created by the enterprise itself is carried out. In this case, in addition to settlements with contractors, suppliers and other creditors / debtors, other costs included in the initial cost are also reflected. It is, in particular, about the salary of workers, the cost of materials, depreciation of fixed assets, etc. Accordingly, when registering fixed assets, such records will be made:

• Dt. 08 Ct. 02 (05, 10, 23, 70, 69, etc.).

In some cases, when forming the initial stat-st, interest on loans and credits may be taken into account:

• Dt. 08 Ct. 66 (67).

Property as a contribution to capital

If the company received fixed assets as a contribution to its authorized capital, the initial cost is determined in the form of a monetary value agreed by the founders. Such a rule is provided for in PBU 6/01 (paragraph 9). Here, however, it should be taken into account that, for example, in an LLC, the amount agreed by the founders cannot be higher than the assessment of an independent appraiser, while attracting it when receiving a non-monetary contribution to the capital of a company is, according to paragraph 2 of Art. 66.2 CC, mandatory.

When registering a fixed asset transferred as a contribution, the accountant makes the following entry:

• Dt. 08 Ct. 75.

Please note that upon receipt of an asset from an enterprise that pays VAT, the recipient is entitled to deduct the tax shown previously restored by the transferring entity.

Consider an example. Suppose that an enterprise received equipment valued by the founders in the amount of 160 thousand rubles as a contribution to capital. This assessment turned out to be equal to the value established by an independent appraiser. VAT amounted to 23 thousand rubles.

The table shows the records that an accountant will compile when registering a fixed asset.

Free OS

When acquiring property under a gift agreement, the market price of the property existing at the date of registration of the fixed asset is taken for the initial cost. In this case, make up the record:

• Dt. 08 Ct. 98.

Please note that income from future periods will be included in other income as depreciation charges are accrued:

• Dt. 98 ctch 91 (subch. "Other income").

For example, the machine was donated to the enterprise, the use of which is expected in the main production. The market value of the equipment is 218,300 rubles. The useful life for the machine is 37 months. Depreciation is calculated in a linear manner. In the table reflect the postings that are accountant.

Obtaining fixed assets under an exchange agreement

The execution of the exchange agreement is carried out in non-monetary ways. In this case, upon acceptance of the asset, the price of the values ​​transferred or to be transferred in exchange is recognized as the initial article. It usually equals the cost at which the company sells the relevant objects. If it is not possible to establish the price of these items, the market value of similar assets is taken into account.

Record of an accountant upon receipt of fixed assets under an exchange agreement does not generally differ from posting upon acquisition for a fee:

• Dt. 08 Ct. 60.

At the same time, other entries reflecting the sale of property transferred in exchange, as well as offsetting of mutual claims, will be generated for this record.

Suppose an enterprise using OSNO in exchange for its goods worth 312 thousand rubles. (plus VAT 56160 rub.) receives the equipment of the company located on the simplified tax system. The transaction is valid - the exchange is equivalent. The cost of finished products 298 thousand rubles.

Non-property

It can be detected during the inventory. Registration of fixed assets identified during the audit is carried out at the current market price of objects.

The results of the inventory draw up approved unified documents. When conducting a commission audit, it is necessary to inspect all identified property and include in the inventory:

1. Full name.
2. Inventory numbers.
3. Destination.
4. Technical and operational indicators.

If the property is unaccounted for, it is necessary to check whether the company has primary documents proving ownership.

Reflection of information on the values ​​identified during the inventory is carried out according to Dt sc. 01 in correspondence with Ct. 91 (subch. "Other income").

Determination of market value

The price of objects is determined by the company in accordance with the value in force in the area in relation to other similar items at the date of posting. Information about the market value of assets is confirmed by documents or expert opinion. Many experts agree that it is advisable to determine the price in the manner provided for the evaluation of property received free of charge.

Nuance

An accountant can detect an unaccounted OS object even without taking an inventory. How in this case to post it?

Registration of such objects is carried out only after the inventory. Accounted for OS on the date of verification.

Depreciation is accrued on such values ​​in a general manner.

Putting fixed assets on off-balance sheet accounting

Information on certain types of property may be reflected in special accounts on the balance sheet. This happens when:

1. Transfer / receipt of OS for rent (leasing).
2. Acceptance of equipment for installation.
3. The depreciation of certain types of fixed assets.

We briefly consider each situation.

OS rental

An enterprise may lease or take fixed assets for use (leasing). In this case, an agreement is drawn up and an act confirming the acceptance of the transfer. Registration of fixed assets transferred / leased is carried out separately from other property.

If the contract does not provide for the redemption of the object, then during the entire period of use the right of ownership remains with the transferring party. Accordingly, his property remains on the balance sheet. There are, however, exceptions to this rule. It does not apply in case of leasing the company as a single property complex and during leasing. In the first case, the asset is reflected in the balance sheet of the receiving entity, in the second - the balance sheet is kept by the party that is determined by the terms of the contract.

When leasing, the object must be put on the balance of the recipient, the lessor reflects information about it behind the balance. For this, the sc. 011. The information here is reflected throughout the entire period of the contract in the amount established by its terms.

After leasing is completed, the object is returned to the balance sheet. It is debited from the account. 011 on the count 01 or 03 or to account 41 (if its subsequent sale is provided).

OS Wear

To reflect it, use the off-balance account 010. Information on it is reflected if the property is:

• NPO property;
• the object of the housing stock, external improvement, navigational situation, road / forestry, if they were taken into account before 01.01.2006

The latter provision applies to productive livestock, domesticated animals.

Depreciation is calculated in a linear manner according to dtch. 010 monthly. Amounts are not included in enterprise expenses.

Organizational and administrative documents

One of the key documents ensuring the commissioning of property is an order to register fixed assets. Normative acts do not fix a unified form of such an order. However, there is a list of information that must be present in this document without fail. Among them:

1. The name of the company.
2. Title of the document.
3. Date of preparation.
4. The basis for the publication.
5. Description of the object to be capitalized.
6. An indication that property is accounted for as an asset.
7. Determination of the useful life and initial cost.
8. Inventory number of the object. It is indicated in a special card formed for each OS or group of funds.
9. The group or category in which the property is included.
10. F. I. O. employee responsible for the safety of the OS.
11. The room / workshop in which the asset will be located.
12. Signature of manager or other authorized employee.
13. Signature of the materially responsible employee.

An order can be prepared by an accounting specialist or legal department, as well as an assistant manager.

An application to the order is the act of acceptance.

Purpose of the order

It should be noted that the publication of the order on the registration of value is necessary not only for the correct preparation of reporting. An order is the basis for drawing up an act on putting property into operation. Such an act shall indicate:

1. The characteristic of the object.
2. Description of appearance, technical condition.
3. F. I. O. employees responsible for the operation.
4. The level of readiness of the object for use.

This document must be signed by a special commission, which includes the head and chief accountant.