An investment project is calculated for each stage of construction work. It describes in detail all the necessary materials for the construction of the building, work and their tariffication. This detailed calculation has its name - the estimated cost of construction.
Definition
Estimated cost is the amount of funds needed to build a building. It includes the costs of financing construction, payment of contract work, expenses for the acquisition of equipment, its delivery and installation. Based on the estimated documentation, reporting and assessment of the activities of construction organizations is formed.
Estimated cost is the basis for calculating the book value of commissioned facilities. It is calculated based on:
- Working documentation, drawings, statements of construction work, the order of construction, explanatory note to the materials.
- Current standards, selling prices for equipment and inventory.
- Decisions of state bodies on the corresponding construction.
Calculation Methods
Estimated cost is determined by the resource, index or base-index method. In the first case, the ratio of current prices for resources to the norms of their costs is calculated. At the same time, the index method provides a combined calculation. Resources for which there are market prices are accepted at weighted average tariffs. For all other materials, an index of the estimated cost of the contractor is established. If there is none, then coefficients approved by government agencies are used. Estimated cost conversion indices are updated every quarter. The basic method provides an economic justification for the calculated indices for cost elements.
Structure
The estimated construction cost is formed from the costs of:
- building erection;
- purchase and installation of equipment;
- other expenses.
We consider each of the elements in more detail. Construction work includes general construction work (stone, earth, plastering) on the construction of the building and installation of structures. This also includes internal and external engineering facilities (water supply, ventilation, sewage, etc.).
The second group includes the installation of equipment, the connection of technological wiring, energy supply. The estimated cost of construction and installation works includes the costs of the purchase and transportation of materials, margins of the procurement department, calculated at base prices. The group of other costs includes design costs, training, maintenance of the construction team, organization and holding of tenders, etc.
Types of estimates
The total cost of the work is formed from local estimates, costing of objects, individual works, summary calculations. A local estimate is a primary document that is prepared for general site work based on the volumes prescribed in the drawings. This includes direct, overhead, and planned costs.
Costing on objects is formed on the basis of local. It contains indicators such as salary, machine operating costs, cost of structures and equipment, transportation costs, overhead costs. If only one type of work is carried out, then there is no need for such detailed costing.
Objective estimates include summary reports on the preparation of the construction site, personnel, key facilities, utility buildings, utility, energy facilities; water, heat and gas supply, sewage facilities; landscaping; technical supervision of the facility; other work. A separate line displays the amount of unforeseen expenses. The estimated cost is calculated on the basis of all the above estimates.
Financial performance
The change in estimated cost may be due to both unforeseen expenses and changes in resource prices. Therefore, at the design stage, the total investment need is calculated: O = Spr + Ssmr + Sob + Spr.
In this formula, Spr is the calculation of design and survey work, Cmr is the price of construction and installation works, Sob is the estimate for the installation of equipment, Spr is the sum of other expenses. This determines the cost of building construction.
The participation of construction organizations reflects the coefficient CMSR. It is based on the general price formula: SMSR = Cost of work + Profit = Materials + Salary + Depreciation of equipment + Profit
Price types
Estimated cost is the planned cost. It is calculated based on indices, by category, or by purchase prices of manufacturers. Prices for products are formed depending on the location of the goods at the time of delivery to the consumer:
- supplier's warehouse;
- vehicle (FCS);
- departure station (CBO);
- destination station (BCH);
- on-site warehouse;
- construction site.
Each of these types includes expenses of the previous type, as well as an additional cost item. The supplier’s warehouse price includes the costs of manufacturing and storing materials. The FCS takes into account the costs of loading materials into a truck, HLW - the supply of a car, BCH - the delivery of material to the pier. The last two types of prices include the cost of funds for transportation of raw materials to the on-site warehouse or construction site.
Pricing
The price is set per unit of raw materials. It is calculated by the formula: Ccm = OP + T + SB + TM + TR + C. Here OP is the wholesale price of materials, T is the cost of packaging, SB is the marketing margin, TM is customs duty, TP is the delivery cost, C - storage costs.
Wholesale prices of raw materials and containers are taken from collections or price lists of manufacturers. Sales margins are recorded as a percentage of prices. Shipping costs are based on gross weight. The standards for warehouse expenses are as follows: for building materials - 2%, metal structures - 0.75%, equipment - 1.2%.
Estimated prices for the transportation of goods are presented in the eponymous collection. It consists of two parts: rail, road and sea. Each of them, in turn, contains tariffs for loading and unloading goods, depending on the packaging and type of transport. Recalculation of the estimated cost in terms of transportation costs (per 1 ton) is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- The type of selling price for the collection is determined.
- The type of transport is indicated.
- If this is a railway transportation, then the type of shipment is determined, the tariff, the loading rate are indicated.
- The calculated amount is multiplied by the conversion factor from net mass to gross mass.
- For trucking, the tariff, cargo class and surcharges are indicated.
- The correction factor for loading and unloading is calculated.
- Transportation costs are determined.
- The total cost of 1 ton is calculated.
Materials are divided into imported (cement, metal, pipes, glass, etc.) and local (brick, reinforced concrete structures, mortars, crushed stone, etc.). Shipping cost of the first group of goods is higher than the second.
Labor costs
Estimated cost is a calculation of not only material costs, but also labor resources. Salary is determined on the basis of the tariff qualification guide. It presents the rates for the ranks. Surcharges for work in difficult and harmful conditions range from 12% to 24%. The algorithm for calculating labor costs is as follows:
- Resource method: Salary = (Actual salary avg. Mass.) / (Avg. Months of working hours).
- According to the estimated value: 3 salary = (C + M) ∙ I. Here C and M are the sum of the costs of the facility for the wages of construction workers and machine operators, And is the expense level index.
- Cost sharing: Salary = * ((1 * * * * + ) / Number of hours of work). In this formula, T is the labor cost of performing a specific task, C1 is the tariff rate of the 1st category worker, K is the tariff coefficient, Cd is the surcharge coefficient, Cp is the district coefficient, Cp is the premium coefficient, P is other payments made at the expense of salaries.
In this sequence, the cost of labor is determined.