What is cursive writing - information designed not only to satisfy the thirst for knowledge of an inquisitive reader, but also having practical application in people whose activity is associated with the need to perceive and process a large volume of oral text.
Historical background of cursive
The alphabet, created in the 9th century on the orders of the Byzantine emperor by the brothers Cyril and Methodius, was supposed to be used to translate Greek theological books into Slavic. But the clarity and ease of use of the Cyrillic symbolic system contributed to the rapid and widespread dissemination of Slavic writing and its use not only in the religious sphere, but also at the household and business level.
By the end of the 10th century, the Slavic alphabet begins to be used on the territory of the Old Russian state as a church language. The Old Slavonic language is gradually changing under the influence of East Slavic colloquial speech, which introduced new elements into it.
The manuscripts that have reached us have allowed scientists to trace the evolution of the sign display of the Cyrillic alphabet. The stages of the modification of the Old Russian font include a charter letter (the oldest manuscripts date from the 11th century), a half-seal, used from the 14th century and becoming the typeface for the first books printed in Russia, and cursive, which appeared almost simultaneously with the half-letter.
Stages of development of the Russian cursive system
Old cursive writing emerged as a necessary element of business writing, but pretty soon gained wider use. What cursive writing was, it was known to the general public, and it was used in all areas of life.
Over the course of 16-17 centuries, cursive writing became almost an independent and mature type of writing, some elements of which have not changed in our time.
The main signs of cursive writing
Cursive writing had a number of peculiar features. The main difference from other types of Old Russian writing was the almost complete rejection of the geometricity of signs, a significant simplification of the classical spelling of letters, the convenience and speed of the image. The shape of the characters differs in roundness, the spelling of uppercase and lowercase letters is different, the style is replete with strokes, loops, extensions extending beyond the line, a partial connection of letters appears.
The desire to speed up the process of writing gradually led to greater freedom and ease of writing letters, the appearance of a variety of their images (handwriting), the unity of writing lines.
Civil cursive
By the first half of the 18th century, the formation of cursive writing, called the historians of Old Russia, ends. The next stage in the development of cursive writing in Russia begins, which later received the name civil. It is characterized by a simplification and proportionality of the style, the abolition of some elements, and greater readability.
During the reform carried out by Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century, 10 letters disappeared from the alphabet and 4 new ones appeared (E, E, Y, Y), superscripts were canceled. Separate spelling of words and phrases has appeared; a system for capitalization is being developed .
The emergence of a simpler, more convenient and understandable letter contributed to the development of Russian literature, the spread of literacy and enlightenment. The font used in civil cursive writing is used for printing literary works of a secular nature, scientific papers, government documents, petitions.
In the further development of civil cursive writing, the influence of the Latin writing system is affected. By the middle of the 19th century, cursive was formed, the font of which is used practically unchanged in our time.
What is cursive today
There are various ways of high-speed writing, based on the use of abbreviated word systems - acronyms, abbreviations, abbreviations. Shorthand, cursive, semantography, note-taking are methods of high-speed writing, differing in the way of written recording of information, using certain sign systems, purpose.
Translation cursive
With regard to translation activities, the question of what cursive is, is one of the main for the implementation of qualified translation, primarily oral consecutive.
Unlike shorthand, which is actually a verbatim record, or a note-taking based on an abbreviated recording of the main essence, translation cursive is, in fact, an auxiliary means of memory, effective for holding text without significant load. It allows you to minimize information loss when translating oral messages of large volume. Cursive writing used in translation is not a simple fixation of the text, but is accompanied by subjective comprehension to highlight and transmit key message information.
Method Basics
The basic principles and techniques on which universal translation cursive is based include the choice of words with the highest semantic load, a specific recording system, the exclusion of vowels in the middle of words, as well as double consonants, the use of characters instead of letters to record semantic supports.
Convenience and effectiveness of the use of symbols is the speed of writing, visibility, the ability to focus on the content of the text at the stage of perception. Each translator determines the choice of characters for themselves independently, often using their own non-language characters.
Today, the use of a high-speed recording system is gradually losing its relevance due to the development of technology. Nevertheless, for specialists engaged in translation activities, knowledge of what cursive is is a confirmation of their professionalism.