Potassium permanganate in Latin is called Kalii permanganas. In the world it’s just potassium permanganate - a potassium salt in the reaction of manganese acid. Letter designation KMnO. In contact with organic matter, it forms a protein - albumin, in the sensations of the body this reaction is transmitted by a burning sensation, knitting, local irritation, while possessing a healing effect and the property of deodorant and antidote.
Potassium permanganate is obtained by electrochemical oxidation of manganese compounds or by changing their proportions. Here are some of the potassium permanganate reactions commonly used in industry and pharmacology:
2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O
2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 ↑ + 2KOH.
Here, as we see, manganese oxidizes and interacts with chlorine salts and potassium molecules. The second reaction is widely used in industry, since with it potassium permanganate is produced endothermally by electrolysis of the concentrate.
Physical properties of potassium permanganate
In science, this compound is otherwise called potassium permanganate, which is a granular crystals of rhombic shape and dark lilac color. In the form of crystals, potassium permanganate decomposes at a heating temperature of 240 ° C and above, forming oxygen evolution. This is demonstrated by the following reaction:
2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.
The density of the substance is 2.703 g / cm. cubic molar mass of potassium permanganate - 158.03 g / mol. The solubility of the compound in water depends on the degree of concentration, as well as on the temperature of the water (data are presented in table 1).
Table 1. Solubility of potassium permanganate at various temperatures.
| t reaction | 0 | 10 | 20 | thirty | 40 | fifty |
| grams of crystals / 100 g of water | 2,8 | 4.1 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 11,2 | 14,4 |
Depending on the number of crystals added to the water at different temperatures, each solution will have its own shade - from weak, soft raspberry with a low concentration to purple-violet - with a large one. Other solvents of potassium permanganate crystals are acetone, ammonia and methyl alcohol.
Chemical properties of potassium permanganate
The substance "potassium permanganate" is a fairly strong oxidizing agent. Depending on the pH of the medium, it acts on different types of substances, being restored in the equation to manganese compounds of various oxidation states. For example, in an acidic medium - II, in an alkaline medium - up to VI, in a neutral medium, respectively, - up to IV.
In contact with a
sulfuric acid concentrate
, potassium permanganate, whose chemical properties indicate oxidation, causes an explosive reaction, and when heated, releases oxygen - this method of extraction of O2 is widely used in industry.
The use of potassium permanganate
In modern laboratory production, potassium permanganate is distributed in organic synthesis in the form of an oxidizing agent. In alkaline solution it is an effective detergent and degreaser. The use of a 0.1% solution in medicine in the treatment of burns, rinses, disinfection, and the removal of toxins is popular and universal. Some pharmacies do not release this substance, since by order of the Ministry it is classified as explosive. But you can get potassium permanganate in garden shops where it is sold in the form of fertilizer.