Any form of business involves cash flow. Individual entrepreneurs with a small amount of work in the early stages of business development can accept payment for goods and services in the form of cash. But sooner or later, the moment comes when there is a need to open a settlement account. This does not mean that you need to immediately run to the bank and submit documents. First you need to determine the general procedure for opening, maintaining and closing an account. Then you need to analyze the conditions of different banks and choose the best option for yourself.
Why do I need a Sberbank account
From the point of view of legislation, the decision to open an account is made by the entrepreneur independently. If the cash settlement scheme does not contradict the laws of the Russian Federation, then IE and LLC may not contact the bank at all on this issue. Another thing is that the full functioning of an LLC without a current account is impossible. For example, if an enterprise enters into a contract for a total amount of 100,000 rubles, then such a payment must necessarily be made through a bank. This amount is statistically the lower limit of the value of LLC contracts. In addition, taxes and other obligatory payments are paid exclusively by bank transfer. It turns out that the account of the organization is simply necessary.
Collecting data
A settlement account is an account that is issued at a credit institution in the name of a client to store funds and conduct non-cash payments.
After making a positive decision about having a bank account, you need to familiarize yourself with the main nuances of this procedure, namely:
- what documents are needed to open an account;
- possible causes of failure;
- The nuances of the relationship between the bank and the client;
- account closing procedure;
- The deadline for submitting data to regulatory authorities on the opening or closing of an account.
Step one
Opening a bank account is based on certain documents. Although each bank has its own characteristics, the general list for a legal entity is as follows:
- registration certificate;
- certificate of entry in a single register;
- copies of the charter;
- a document confirming the authority of persons who have access to the account (minutes of the founders meeting on the appointment of the director to the post; order on the appointment of the chief accountant and so on);
- cards with specimen signatures of persons having access to the account; prints of seals;
- certificates on the registration of the enterprise in the tax, pension fund, off-budget funds;
- certificate of registration with statistics agencies;
- license to conduct financial activities.
An application form for opening and an agreement for servicing an account to a client is provided by a bank employee. The bank may request additional documents: customer profile; addition to the contract on accounts of counterparties and so on.
Accounts of legal entities - non-residents
Before importing, all documents must be registered at the Russian Embassy of a foreign state. In addition, a translation into Russian certified by a notary must be attached to all documents submitted (text, stamp, seals, apostille and so on). The main list of documents remains the same.
Documents: current account of individual entrepreneurs
- certificate of state registration;
- a certificate of entry into the unified register, a certificate of assignment of OKPO, OKATO, OKVED are provided at the request of the bank;
- extract from the Unified State Register of Entrepreneurs;
- cards with specimen signatures of persons having access to the account; impressions of seals (if any);
- application (in the form of a bank);
- service agreement (in the form of a bank);
- passport;
- an agreement on the implementation of activities to receive payments from individuals.
We decrypt the account number
Notarized copies of constituent documents are provided to a bank employee for authentication and account opening. The current account of Sberbank consists of 20 digits. The first five determine the main activity and ownership of the client:
- 40701 - non-governmental financial organizations;
- 40702 - non-governmental commercial organizations;
- 40703 - non-governmental non-profit organizations;
- 40802 - individuals - IP;
- 40807 - non-residents - legal entities;
- 40818 - ruble accounts of non-residents;
- 40819 - foreign currency accounts of non-residents;
- 40821 - individuals - non-residents.
The following three digits determine the account currency:
- 810 - rubles;
- 840 - dollars;
- 978 - Euro.
The next 11 digits indicate the unit number, the serial number of the client or his contract.
Refusal to open an account
The bank may refuse to open an account to the client if:
- there is a tax decision on the suspension of servicing previously opened accounts;
- The individual entrepreneur or his representative is not personally present during the procedure for opening an account;
- the client has provided documents with false data;
- the client did not provide documents at all;
- there is evidence of client involvement in terrorist activities.
In case of refusal to open an account, a bank employee returns an application to the client with a note of refusal and an indication of the reason or sends a corresponding letter. The application and all documents of the client are returned to his representative on receipt of receipt.
FE Account Management Features
An individual account can be opened in any bank of the Russian Federation. But the question is that some institutions have high tariffs for servicing such accounts. Banks often share the fees for servicing limited liability companies and individual entrepreneurs with payment for the last two hundred rubles per month, provided that the number of transactions on the account was no more than twenty units per month. If there were no transactions at all, then no commission will be charged. Since individual entrepreneurs often work remotely, the availability of free Internet banking to quickly check balances and send payments will be a great advantage when choosing a bank for service.
Before concluding an agreement, you must pay attention to the cost of the following services:
- opening, closing, maintaining an account;
- connections and services of Internet banking;
- fees for transferring funds to accounts in current and other banks.
Features of the withdrawal of funds from IP accounts
If the opening procedure for the LLC and the individual entrepreneur is relatively the same, then when removing the salary by an individual entrepreneur , questions may arise. All funds in the current account belong to the entrepreneur. According to the law of the Russian Federation, all entrepreneurial income received as a result of entrepreneurial activity, the entrepreneur manages independently. In theory, you can deposit and withdraw funds for personal purposes from the account at any time. In practice, it is better not to use an account for business activities for third-party purposes.
But if the settlement account is an account for transactions from entrepreneurial activity, then the question arises of how to withdraw the earned funds of an individual entrepreneur. The best option is to transfer funds from the settlement account to the current account of an individual. In the comments to the payment in such cases, it is necessary to indicate "Transfer of own funds, VAT is not taxed."
The leaders of the LLC by law do not have the right to dispose of funds in the current account of a legal entity for personal purposes.
Termination of service
Closing a current account - terminating a banking service agreement . According to the law, a contract can be terminated:
- by agreement of the parties;
- unilaterally;
- based on a court decision;
- for other reasons provided by law.
Unilaterally, at the initiative of the bank, a settlement account may be closed. This means that the contract can be terminated by the court due to the lack of operations within 365 days. If there are no transactions on the account within two years, the bank may refuse to service and terminate the contract two months after the day the corresponding notification was sent to the client.
Also, unilaterally at the initiative of the client, a settlement account can be closed. This means that the client can write an application for termination of service at any time. The presence of unpaid documents is not a reason for refusing to close an account.
By decision of the court, account maintenance may be stopped in the following cases:
1. In the absence of money in the account, the contract is terminated. The client can open a new account only after the cancellation of the decision by the tax authority.
2. If there is money in the account, two options are possible:
- the contract is not terminated and the account is not closed until the decision to suspend the service is canceled;
- the contract is terminated, the account is not closed until the decision to suspend the service is canceled.
Special cases
The termination of service occurs on the day the bank receives a written application from the client, unless a later date is indicated in the application itself. If at this moment there are funds in the account, the balance is issued to the client from the bank's cash desk or transferred to the account indicated by the client within seven calendar days. In the absence of details for the transfer or assignees of the client, the funds may be stored in a special off-balance account until the expiration of the limitation period. After that, they will be written off to the bank’s income. Any money and settlement documents received by the bank after the close of the contract are returned to the sender with the corresponding mark. If there is no opportunity to send money and documents to the client’s receiver, for example, the bank has closed, then they (money and documents) are stored in the legal department of the bank. All customer documents are subject to inventory.