If you recall the proverb, then every representative of the stronger sex in his life must necessarily give birth and raise a child, plant trees and build a house for his family. However, if the first two cases do not cause any particular problems for the majority of the world's population, then the last is far from simple. After all, to build a building, one desire is not enough. It is necessary to have a large supply of knowledge in the field of construction and related sciences, in particular, in geodesy.
Concepts and terminology
One of the most important stages of preparation for construction is geodetic alignment. For their implementation, special drawings of the main project are made. The purpose of such work is to fix the planned and high-altitude locations of the main points of the building structure on the ground. The subtlety of the execution of work lies in laying off directly on the ground, on the "nature" of all the necessary angles, distances and permissible excesses.
Geodetic alignment works are carried out in three stages, if there are no unexpected overlays:
- at the first stage, the main axes of the construction under construction are carried out and fixed;
- a breakdown is made in detail - individual axes of some building elements of a future structure are carried out and attached;
- geodetic breakdown works are completed by splitting the axes in order to install the technological equipment necessary for further work.
Ways of carrying out
To make the whole breakdown correctly, you need to consider a number of factors. The geometric parameters of the object under construction, the location of the points making up the geodetic network, the presence of types and types of measuring instruments should be taken into account. Mostly geodesic
breakdown works are carried out in such ways as:
- accounting for polar and rectangular coordinates;
- installation of wing, corner and linear serifs;
- installation of serifs of a mixed type - casement-corner, casement-linear, etc.
The simplest implementation of geodetic works is considered to be a method of taking into account rectangular coordinates. Naturally, for its use on the construction site, there must be construction axes in order to build and calculate this system. They provide an opportunity to break down the project in detail and take into account many key nuances in the main construction. It should be remembered that before starting the breakdown, special acts must be drawn up and drawings and diagrams of the proposed breakdown works should be attached to them.
Use of geodetic works in construction
Geodesic
construction work
conducted strictly in accordance with the basic rules and regulations. The following provisions can be considered key:
- all measurements and calculations during the construction process should be done as accurately as possible, saving money and equipment as much as possible. The geodetic alignment base should be presented in the form of a grid on which the main geodetic points indicating the position of the building object in real terrain are fixed with special signs;
- when conducting the alignment work, binding to the terrain and other construction sites of the geographic network is mandatory;
- all work related to the breakdown should be carried out strictly according to the plans and drawings, for which the general and construction master plans of the construction site were taken.
Breakdown works must be carried out strictly on time, in accordance with the stages of construction.