Discussion as a teaching method attracted the attention of teachers and psychologists as early as the thirties of the XX century. Today, this method, which belongs to active learning, is used to revitalize interpersonal processes in various activities: education, creativity, management, psychotherapy and many others.
AMO and their types
The classification of active teaching methods provides for their division into two types - individual and group. Individuals are applicable to an individual person who carries out professional, general, special or other type of training without contacting other students. Group methods are used in teaching a certain number of students.
The most optimal for us seems to be the classification of active teaching methods , which provides for their division into four main groups, which combine individual and group types of classes, with the leadership of the second.
1) Discussion as a teaching method is based on direct and active communication of participants. At the same time, the leader takes a detached position, contributes to the organization of interaction, exchange of views, manages the development and adoption of group decisions.
2) Methods using elements of the game, contributing to the acquisition of a new experience that a person could not get for various reasons.
3) Rating methods that help students become more active due to the created effect of competition and additional motivation for the need for achievements.
4) Trainings, allowing to provide a personality and its behavior with a stimulating, developing and corrective effect.
Discussion as one of the methods of active learning
It should be noted that discussion as a teaching method is based on organizational communication of students in the course of work on solving educational or professional problems. As discussion methods, a round table, Socratic conversation, analysis of a specific situation, group discussion, brainstorming and others can be selected.
Any discussion involves a discussion of a problem, issue or topic, in the process of working on which various opinions arose. It is based on alternate presentations by participants representing their point of view. But the discussion will be successful only if the activity is shown not only by speakers and the speaker, but also by listeners asking questions, evaluating reports, giving counter-arguments.
Another important condition of the controversy is its objectivity. In this regard, the role of the leader is the ability to keep it within the framework of the topic, not to focus on particulars and small details.
But discussion as a teaching method can be used only if science or practice has not yet developed a single point of view, and several schools are working on a solution to the problem or there are different directions in its study. Most actively, this method is used in the study of the humanities and social sciences.
Therefore, the discussion as a teaching method contributes to the non-standard educational process, it has a beneficial effect on the thinking and behavior of students, contributes to the development of their responsibility and consciousness.
The essence of the analytical-synthetic teaching method
For literacy at school and at the present stage, they use the analytical-synthetic method - a teaching method developed by KD Ushinsky. It is based on the study of the sounds of live speech. The essence of this teaching method is to extract sentences from connected speech, from sentences - words, from words - syllables, from syllables - sounds. Such actions are analysis. Along with this, the reverse process occurs: syllables are composed of sounds, syllables are words, words are sentences, sentences are connected texts. These actions are synthesis.
Thus, the analytical-synthetic method - the method of teaching literacy contributes to the development and education of the individual. Thanks to the system of speech, analytical and synthetic exercises, the mental development of students becomes effective. This method allows pupils to perform a deeper analysis of the phenomena occurring in nature and surrounding life, because it is based on their personal experience.