It so happened that two rivers with the same name flow through the territory of Russia - Nemda.
The Nemda River (the word is pronounced with emphasis on the last syllable) flows through the territory of the Kirov region and the Republic of Mari El. Being a tributary of Tansy, it belongs to the Kama district basin.
Another Nemda (emphasis on the 1st syllable) flows through the Kostroma and Ivanovo regions and flows into the Volga.
However, the Great Soviet Encyclopedia claims that both names are pronounced the same way, with emphasis on the 1st syllable.
Geographical characteristics of Nemda in the Kirov region
The river, a tributary of Tansy, has a length of 162 km. The source is located at an altitude of 194 m above sea level south of the village. Cougener. The river flows north and around s. Rodygino flows into Tansy. At the mouth, the width of the Nemda is about 70 m.
Water consumption is 6 m 3 / s. Snow food. It freezes from November to April, in summer and spring the river is flooded.
The pool area is 3780 km 2 . The river has 15 tributaries, the longest of them is Nemdezh (46 km). Numerous villages and towns are located on the banks - New Torial, Kuzhener, s. Ilyinsk.
Geographic characteristics of the river in the Kostroma region
Nemda begins in the Kostroma region, der. Palkino, and flowing through the Ivanovo region to the south, flows into the Volga. The water flow rate is almost 29 m 3 / s, while near the source the width of the river is about 10 m, but closer to the mouth the water surface expands and forms the Nemdensky Bay in the Gorky reservoir (Volga).
Kostroma Nemda stretches for 146 km. Snow / mixed food. In winter, the water artery freezes, and shipping starts from the pier Zhukovo.
The basin area is 4750 km 2 , 16 tributaries flow into the river, the largest of them is Shuya (170 km).
River in the Kirov region
The river, bearing the name of the Mari giant, was first mentioned by the famous traveler Adam Olearius in his notes compiled in 1636.
In the Kirov region, the Nemda River passes through amazingly beautiful places called Vyatka Switzerland. The diverse relief of the coast creates picturesque landscapes. Pine forests descend from the low mountains to the river, and dense deciduous forests stretch along the banks, especially beautiful in autumn.
Tourists come to these places to visit the reserve "Pizhemsky", located in the basin of Nemda and Tansy. The reserve was created in 1990 to preserve 17 natural monuments.
Attractions on the shores
The reserve "Pizhemsky" is located along the Nemda. The length is 42 km, it is here that the most interesting sights are concentrated:
- Botanical and geological complexes Beresnyatsky and Chimbulatsky.
- "Stone" is a rock mass.
- Zaramenskaya cave.
The Chimbulat complex represents the dream of climbers and cavers. There are numerous karst cracks and caves. Tourists come to visit a cliff called Stone. This is the shrine of the Mari, who believe that the cliff is the home of the spirit of the great hero Chumbulat.
The Beresnyatsky complex includes natural attractions:
- Beresnyatsky waterfall, whose water runs along 6 ledges in a narrow ravine, has a maximum height of 7.5 m;
- a monolithic limestone wall 7-12 m high along the Nemda River and bizarre outlier cliffs;
- The bourgeois cliff, on top of which there is a hillfort inhabited by people during the Anan'in culture.
In the forests of botanical complexes, a unique plant for the Central Russian strip lives - Podolian shiverekia, as well as another 5 plant species.
The Kirov River Nemda flows past the Zaramensky Cave, which locals call the "Devil's Oven." This karst grotto with a height of more than 3 m has a width of about 5 m. A dark slit attracts the attention of people floating along the river. For a long time the cave was considered the only one in the Kirov region, however, in the 70s of the XX century. others were open.
Naked limestones of the Permian period, which were once reefs on the ocean floor, make up another attraction - the rock massif “Stone”. There are caves in the rock fissures, the longest of them is Kirov-600, its length is about 150 m. The watchtower column “Sentry” is 8 m high, next to it is the Wall - a series of cliffs that climbers have long appreciated.
Historic Nemda
If the Nemda River in the Kirov region surprises with natural diversity, then the Nemda in the Kostroma region can surprise with history.
This waterway was the main waterway along which the Kazan Tatars went hiking in the Moscow State in the 15th-16th centuries. The prisoners were put in boats and lowered down the river to Kazan, then sent to the markets of the East.
And then Nemda was a cargo river, "passing" through itself up to 8 million pounds of various cargoes per year.
River in the Kostroma region
Now the Nemda River in the Kostroma region, like a magnet, attracts fishermen and tourists.
These places are located near Moscow, and on the banks of the Nemda, in birch-pine forests, many sanatoriums and recreation centers have been built.
However, many citizens are attracted by the opportunity to rent a village house on the river bank and spend a weekend with their family, taking pets as well. Such a vacation promises vegetables from the garden, fruits from the tree, boat and gear rental, clean air and peace. Both adults and children will be able to find an interesting occupation in these parts.
The maze-like shore of the Gulf of Nemden is a great fishing spot. Favorable conditions have led to the fact that fishing in the waters of Nemda pleases with the intensity of the bite and the size of the trophies. Zander, perches, tench, pike live in river waters.
Hunters go to the forests to get hares, black grouses, as well as a wolf, a lynx, a badger. There are a lot of berries and mushrooms in the forests. Well, it’s useful for modern children to live without gadgets, spending time in yard games.
Sights of Kostroma Nemda
What a Russian river without sights! There are those on the banks of the Nemda.
Where the Nemda River flows into the Volga, the village of Zavrazhye is located. It became the birthplace of two great people for Russian culture.
Relatives of Pavel Florensky, the philosopher, lived in Zavrazhe for many years. He repeatedly came to the village to study the pedigree in detail, to see with his own eyes a small homeland. The grandchildren of Florensky are now rebuilding the temple in the village.
Born in Zavrazhe and one of the most famous directors of domestic cinema Andrei Tarkovsky. The quiet beauty of the river left a deep imprint in the director’s memoirs, which then appeared in his creations.
Two rivers
One name - two rivers. But each of them has become for people living along its banks, a place of power, giving life.