Account 75 "Settlements with founders" is used to summarize data on all types of monetary transactions carried out with participants in companies (shareholders of JSC, members of a full partnership, cooperative, and so on). Municipal and state unitary institutions use it to reflect all types of movement of funds between them and state authorities and local governments authorized to create such enterprises. This account is proposed to apply the developers of the new instructions to the plan. Previously, such operations were recorded in the account. 77. Let us consider in more detail the features of this account in accounting.
Concretization
The article in question may additionally open:
- subch 75.1 on calculations of contributions to the joint (authorized) capital ;
- subch 75.2 on operations related to the payment of income, and other items.
The first subaccount is used at unitary enterprises to reflect operations carried out with a state or municipal authority regarding property transferred to economic management / operational management. For example, this takes place during the formation of an institution, the replenishment of working capital, and the seizure of material assets. Such enterprises are called subaccounts. 75.1 "Settlements on the allocated property." Information on the article is reflected in the same manner as for fixing contributions to capital.
Calculation and payment of profit
Subch 75.2 summarizes information on operations related to the payment of income to founders. The accrual of revenues is shown in db sc. 84. The account 75 is associated with it. Postings on the accrual and payment of the income of the personnel of the enterprise are made using account. 70. It reflects cash transactions with employees by salary. Upon payment of income 75, the account is debited. With him correspond articles fixing the movement of funds. If, when participating in other companies, the payment of income is carried out by the services, works or goods of these enterprises, as well as securities and other things, then account 75 is also debited. At the same time, it corresponds to articles reflecting the implementation of relevant values. Subch 75.2 is also applied when reflecting operations on the distribution of income, losses and other financial results in accordance with simple partnership agreements .
Creation of AO
In the formation of a joint stock company, the amount of debt for the redemption of securities is accepted in dB cf. 75 in correspondence with sc. 80, reflecting the registered capital. When deposits are actually received in cash, Cd entries are made in correspondence with articles fixing the movement of finances. Upon payment of tangible and other (except cash) funds and valuables 75, the account is credited. At the same time, the accounts are credited to accounts. 08, reflecting non-current assets, inv. 10 (“Materials”), cf. 15 on the acquisition and procurement of mat. values, etc. Similarly show calculations with the founders on contributions to the capital of companies of other legal types. In this case, the record is made in all its value indicated in the documentation. If the sale of shares is carried out at a value higher than the nominal, the resulting sum difference is transferred to Cd. 83. Income tax on participation in an enterprise that is subject to withholding is reflected in DBcc. 75 and cd. Cf. 68.
Analytics
Settlements with founders are recorded for each entity. An exception is made by shareholders holding bearer securities in AO. Analytical accounting of transactions with participants / founders within the group of interconnected companies, the activity of which is compiled by consolidated reporting, is carried out by account. 75 apart.
Specificity
In the characteristic 75 there is one significant refinement. It reflects operations with participants in enterprises. One entity may act as a founder and participant. But in practice, quite often they are different people. 75 the account in the balance sheet is characterized, on the one hand, as an article intended for the replenishment procedure. On the other hand, it accrues and pays out profits to entities.
Explanation
When forming an enterprise, there is a need to make a record: DB 75.1 Cd 80
In the methodological sense, such a record is significantly different from traditional provisions. The fact is that when debit subaccount. 75.1 receivables are generated. An asset is created immediately for the amount of participants' obligations. This case is considered the only one in accounting. As a rule, obligations that arise under the terms of the contract are not reflected. The accountant records only that debt that comes from the execution of the agreement. For example, a liability arising from a supply contract is not reflected. In this case, the debt on the already delivered batch of products is shown. A feature that is provided for sc. 75 drafters of the plan must be considered. When calculating liquidity ratios and coverage, quasi-receivables should be removed from the amount that provides liabilities. 75 the account arose, in fact, because there is a dogma according to which, at that moment, as soon as the company is created, its authorized capital should be immediately reflected in the statements. Participants can deposit different assets into it. If they are paid in kind, then they must undergo an independent appraisal. When deposits are received, a record is made:
- The debit of items on the reflection of cash, MPZ, etc.
- Credit subaccount 75.1
Sale of shares
Due to it, the AO replenishes its charter capital. When selling securities at a price exceeding the face value, the account is credited to this difference. 83. This method is proposed by the developers of recommendations to the Chart of Accounts. Theoretically, the reflection of the operation is allowed in dB sc. 98.1. This is because, in accordance with the current accounting principles, the amount of the authorized capital cannot be changed. In this regard, it was proposed to introduce a regulatory account. 83. But the overpaid funds should be correlated with the forthcoming expenses only if they become the real income of the enterprise.
Features of profit payments
Subch 75.2 is used for settlement with founders who are not on the staff of the company. It was said above that if the participant is an employee of the company, then monetary transactions with him are reflected on the account. 70. When the payment of income is announced, an entry is made: DB 84 Cd 75.2.
From the amount accrued by the accountant taxes are withheld: DB 75.2 Cd 68.
Income from participation in companies that an individual receives is taxed at a rate of 30%. At the same time, the amount is reduced by the amount of deductions from profit, which was aimed at the distribution of income among participants.