AO authorized capital displays the valuation of shares. For accounting purposes, the share of each founder and types of securities are of the greatest importance . Based on these data, dividends are calculated and the rights of shareholders in managing the company are determined. Let us consider in more detail how the issue of shares is displayed in the BU (postings that are used to account for corporate rights will not be ignored either).
Formation of the Criminal Code
The activities of the joint-stock company are regulated by the Federal Law No. 208 of the same name. This law describes the procedure for creating and reorganizing companies, the rights and obligations of founders. According to Art. 7, in closed AO shares are distributed only among participants. According to Art. 9, the founders conclude an agreement on the creation of a company, which sets out the procedure for carrying out activities, the amount of capital, types of shares, and the procedure for their payment. Section I of the liability of the balance sheet is formed due to the nominal value of the Central Bank. It is the same for all common stocks. After state registration of joint-stock companies, 50% of the securities should be repaid within 3 months, and the rest - within a year.
Stock issue accounting
According to RAS, account 80 “Authorized Capital” displays information on the composition and movement of capital. The balance corresponds to the amount of the company's own funds. The amount of debt of the founders is displayed by posting CT 80 DT 75-1. The receipt of money in payment of corporate rights is reflected in CT 75-1. Analytics is carried out for each participant.
In order for the postings on shares to fully reflect the rights of all founders, the stages of capital formation and the types of securities, account 80 makes sense to open sub-accounts that contain information about the movement of different types of capital :
- 80-1 “Declared” - used to reflect the face value of securities held for sale.
- 80-2 “Subscription” - used to account for the Central Bank with a subscription.
- 80-2-1 “Corporate Rights of the First Founder”.
- 80-2-n "Central Bank of the n-th founder".
- 80-3 “Paid” - the value of repaid securities.
Example
Three founders decided to found a CJSC. Capital in the amount of 800 thousand rubles. divided into 800 shares. Nominal value of the Central Bank: 800,000: 800 = 1,000 rubles. Shares are distributed among the founders in the following proportion: 40%, 35% and 25%. At placement, 50% of the Central Bank was paid. The remaining amount should be received in three months.
For the purposes of NU, income in the form of property that is received as a contribution to the organization’s capital is not taken into account when determining the basis for calculating NPP (article 1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). We display the issue of shares in the BU. Postings are presented in the table below.
Operations | DT | CT | Amount (thousand rubles) |
CJSC Registration |
Reflected in accordance with the charter | 75-1 | 80-1 | 800 |
Payment of 50% of the shares of each participant |
first (800 x 40%) second (800 x 35%) third (800 x 25%) | fifty | 75-1 | 160 140 100 |
Central Bank Issue Report Approved |
Reflected value of shares: first founder second founder third founder | 80-1 | 80-2-1 | 320 280 200 |
Reflected the cost of paid securities: the first participant second party third party | 80-2-1 | 80-3-1 | 160 140 100 |
Entries in the Bank on the date of completion of payment |
Funds received for the remainder of the Central Bank: the first founder (320 -160) second founder (280 - 140) third founder (200-100) | 50, 51 | 75-1 | 160 140 100 |
Reflected the cost of paid securities (for each shareholder) | 80-2-1 | 80-3-1 | 160 140 100 |
Accounting entries reflecting the issue of uncertificated shares do not differ from those presented above. Confirmation of the contribution to the company is a certificate or extract from the register of owners of the Central Bank.
Strict reporting forms
Paper certificates must be recorded on account 006. A certain amount of time passes between the production of forms and their placement. When paying for printing services, the following transactions are formed:
- DT20 KT60 and DT60 KT51 - in the amount of actual manufacturing costs.
- DT 006 - for the par value of shares.
As the forms are actually disposed of, they are written off using the record CT 006.
Change in capital
Article 28 of the Federal Law No. 208 provides for an increase in the authorized capital in a ZAO due to an additional issue of shares. The corresponding decision is made at the meeting of shareholders. The number of additional shares, their type, method of placement, price, form of payment are also determined at a meeting of shareholders. Securities may be paid in cash or property rights. In the second case, an independent expert is involved in assessing the transferred property. Resolution of the Central Bank of the Central Bank No. 19 regulates the issue of additional shares. Postings in accounting are recorded on the basis of a report on the results of the issue: the value of shares, their number and categories.
In the example below, materials will be used to pay for securities. To account for them, the BU provides the same account 10. If the placement price is higher than the nominal value of the Central Bank, then the difference between the amounts received is attributable to additional paid-in capital. Also in the example, such stock postings will be used:
- KT 80 DT 75-1 - increase in the capital due to the issue of shares.
- KT 83 DT 75-1 - creation of additional capital.
The nominal value of the issue is taxed at a rate of 0.8% (Federal Law No. 2023-1). The company determines the amount payable on its own and transfers it to the federal budget along with documents for registration of the issue. In BU, the tax charge on operations with the Central Bank is reflected in the entry DT 91-2 “Other costs”, KT 68 “Calculations for taxes”. State registration of the issue of additional shares is carried out if the number of subscribers exceeds 500.
Example
The founders of OJSC decided to increase the authorized capital by 0.5 million rubles by issuing 500 securities with a starting cost of 1 thousand rubles. at the price of 1050 rubles. As a result of the issue, all shares were sold. Of these, 300 were paid in cash, and for the rest OJSC received materials in the amount of 210 thousand rubles. We display the issue of additional shares. Postings:
Operation | DT | CT | Amount (thousand rubles) |
Accrued tax on transactions with the Central Bank (500 x 0.8%) | 90-2 | 68 | 4 |
Money transferred to pay tax | 68 | 51 | 4 |
Capitalized received from the founders money to pay the Central Bank (300 x 1.05) | 50, 51 | 75-1 | 315 |
Capitalized materials for payment of shares | 10 | 75-1 | 210 |
Increased UK | 75-1 | 80 | 500 |
The amount of additional capital is reflected (300 x 1.05 + 210 - (500 x 1)) | 75-1 | 83 | 25 |
A contribution to the authorized capital may be paid for at the expense of goods that have been previously evaluated by an independent expert at market value. Consider how records are formed that display the accounting for the output of finished products. Accounting entries:
DT 43 KT 20 - release of goods by the main (auxiliary, servicing) production.
This is how an additional share issue is taken into account. Postings presented earlier can be used in case of payment of a contribution by other property, for example, fixed assets.
Capital reduction
The authorized capital may be reduced by changing the nominal value or repurchasing own securities in order to reduce them. Moreover, the new amount of equity should not be less than that provided by law. If the first method is used, then the issue of additional shares is carried out, the postings on which will be considered further, of lower cost, which are converted into securities in circulation. Based on the issue report, the charter is amended. Moreover, the amount of securities issued, which is intended to reduce the authorized capital, is not subject to taxation.
Example
According to the decision of the founders, the management company decreases by 300 thousand rubles by converting securities. The difference between the nominal and market values ​​is paid to the founders upon issue. Money is transferred by an agent whose services cost 12 thousand rubles with VAT. We display in the BU the issue of additional shares. Postings:
Operation | DT | CT | Amount (thousand rubles) |
Amount payable upon conversion of shares transferred to agent | 76 | 51 | 300 |
Paid funds to shareholders | 75-1 | 76 | 300 |
Agent fee (including VAT) | 91-2 | 76 | 12 |
Transferred payment for agent services | 76 | 51 | 12 |
Reflected decrease in UK | 80 | 75-1 | 300 |
Central Bank Cancellation
When an organization repurchases its own shares in a BU, a difference may arise between the nominal and actually paid prices. It is accounted for under Article 80 (if the price is below par) or in equity (if the price is above par), as well as under “Other monetary documents” (account 56). Most often, securities are purchased at a lower cost. Consider the standard wiring:
- DT56 KT50 (51) - the cost of the purchase of shares was taken into account.
- DT56 KT80 - excess of face value over redemption value.
- DT88 KT56 - excess of redemption value over face value.
If the securities are redeemed for cancellation, then the following transactions are formed:
- DT80-3 KT80-1 - decrease in the cost of paid-in capital.
- DT80-1 KT56 - the amount of canceled shares (the transaction is formed after amendments to the charter)
or:
- DT48 KT56 - the nominal value of the sold securities is reflected.
- DT51 (50) KT48 - cash received in payment for the shares sold.
- DT48 (80) KT80 (48) - profit (loss) from operations with the Central Bank was received.
Reorganization
Sometimes it may be necessary to change the nominal value of shares by splitting or consolidating them. If the amount received clearly corresponds to the size of the authorized capital, additional postings to the control unit are not formed. Changes are made only to the register of shareholders. If the size of the authorized capital is not clearly divided by the number of new founders (for example, with a capital of 6 thousand rubles the number of securities decreases from 300 to 25), then amendments to the charter documents are made, an additional issue of shares is formed. Postings are used similar to the above.