Teaching tools in pedagogy are all the materials that a teacher uses to implement the learning process. Together with the lively word of the teacher, they represent an important component of the educational process, as well as an element of the educational material base of the educational institution. Acting as an important component of the educational process, teaching aids also influence other components, such as methods, forms, content and goals.
Classifications of teaching aids
Learning tools in pedagogy are divided into ideal and material. Ideal means are the previously acquired skills and knowledge that the teacher and students use to obtain and master new knowledge. Material are physical objects that are used by students and the teacher for detailed training. If we talk about the subject of activity, then all teaching aids can be conditionally divided into teaching aids (more often used by students, less often - teachers) and teaching aids (used in most cases by a teacher). In turn, ideal and material means are divided into:
· Printed materials - paintings, graphs, textbooks, tables, etc.
· Volumetric manuals - models, devices, collections, devices, etc.
· Projection material - videos, slides, movies.
Modern typology classifies teaching aids in pedagogy as follows:
· Printed - reading books, textbooks, study guides, anthologies, workbooks, handouts, atlases, etc.
· Visual flat - wall cards, magnetic boards, posters, wall illustrations.
· Demonstration - layouts, stands, herbariums, sectional models, imitations, etc.
· Electronic educational resources - multimedia textbooks and universal encyclopedias, online educational resources, etc.
· Audiovisual - slides, educational videos, educational films, including digital media, etc.
· Training devices - flasks, barometer, compass, etc.
· Sports equipment - exercise equipment, gymnastic equipment, balls, sports equipment , etc.
· Educational equipment - tractor, cars, etc.
Today, the greatest impact on students is provided by modern teaching aids in pedagogy: audiovisual and multimedia. They are considered the most effective means of training and education.
Material training tools, which are so necessary for the assimilation of educational information, make up a system that is derived from the general system of the subject. Such a system of teaching aids is based on the following principles:
· The equipment must fully comply with the pedagogical requirements presented: clearly and clearly reproduce the essential in the phenomenon, have an aesthetic appearance, be easily visible and perceptible, etc.
· The teaching aids must, by their quantity, fully satisfy the material needs of the educational process.
· Learning tools should be appropriate to student needs and actual work conditions.
It should be noted that each academic subject needs its own special teaching aids. So, the means of teaching the Russian language are represented by such means as educational didactic material (concepts, terms, rules, texts), teaching methods and techniques (cognitive, training, control and verification), as well as the organization of the educational process. Material resources for the Russian language are represented by educational complexes (manuals, collections, textbooks), a complex of technical teaching aids (multimedia tools, a personal computer), classrooms (Russian language classroom, multimedia class, video class). The means of teaching a foreign language will be almost the same, with the exception of some special tools. For example, if we talk about classrooms, then for foreign languages, a language lab is more suitable.