Socio-economic changes in the GDL led to agrarian reform in the late XV - early XVI century. A “wolf reform” was underway under the leadership of Sigismund II Augustus, the Grand Duke of Lithuania and the King of Poland. The number of population in cities increased every year, thereby increasing the demand for agricultural products. At the same time, the price and consumption of bread in Western Europe increased.
The feudal lords received advantageous offers for the supply of grain abroad. In order to increase production on their lands, the feudal lords gave the land to the peasants, and such a plot of land was called "farm". This was done for the convenience of the feudal lords. Everything that was grown in folklore was later sold abroad or to residents of the city.
The meaning of the word in dictionaries
Farm farms began to appear in the XV century. The peasants had the opportunity to work out the corvee on these lands and give the quitrents, sowing the farm. The meaning of the word can be found in historical and literary dictionaries, but the most striking and correct are the following.
- Folvark is a landowner farm, a small estate (in the regions of Poland, Western Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania). The definition is taken from the Dictionary of Foreign Words.
- In Ushakov’s dictionary, "farm" is a small manor.
- You can also find a definition on Wikipedia. Folvark (Polish folwark from German dialectic Vorwerk) - a manor, a manor, a separate settlement, which is managed by one owner, the landowner farm.
Origin history
In 1557, a well-known document was adopted - the "Charter on dragging", which aims to ensure that more money from agriculture comes to the treasury. In this document, farm is a form of farming, where peasants worked out duties. The beginning of the changes in agricultural business, Queen Bon Sforza. She began to change the conduct of business in the Pinsk and Kobrin elders. In these areas, everything went at the highest level, and the land was divided into small farms in many other places except the east of Belarus.
Peasants and farms
As already noted, the farm is the possession of the feudal lords. The peasants were not the owners of the land, they only cultivated it and harvested it. But the gentry and tycoons legally formalized the right to use the land. To get the land, the peasants had to bow to the tycoons, and then give almost all the crops to them. There were heavy and siege peasants. The militaries simply worked off corvee, and the siege also paid a cash tax.