The essence of the concept of "educational technology"
A special direction in pedagogical science - pedagogical teaching technologies - appeared in the sixties of the last century. It originated in the USA and England, and over time it gained its distribution in other countries. The emergence of this concept and research direction in pedagogy is not a mere coincidence. Initially, when technology began to be introduced into the educational process in Western countries, pedagogical teaching technologies were associated with technical teaching aids. Later, the term “pedagogical technologies” was born from the concept of “teaching technology”, the essence of which is the substantial technique of the educational and educational processes.
Today, the concept of “ pedagogical teaching technologies ” includes aggregate knowledge about the means and methods of organizing and conducting educational and educational processes. Also, pedagogical technologies can be characterized as a type of training that is scientifically justified and organized in such a way as to ultimately achieve a realistic, concrete goal in the education, development and training of the student. Starting to develop learning technologies, you can predict both the activities of the teacher and the student. Moreover, TCOs may or may not be used.
The term " pedagogical teaching technology " has two meanings:
1) methods, methods of processing, filing, changing information provided for training;
2) a science that studies the ways a teacher can influence his pupils during the learning process, which is carried out using technical and information tools.
Thus, the constituent technologies of instruction — means, content, and methods — are interconnected and interdependent. The skill of the teacher and teacher is determined by how accurately he planned the content of the educational material, applied effective methods, and used teaching aids in accordance with the assigned pedagogical tasks.
Pedagogical technologies include three main activities:
- traditional teaching technologies ;
- developing technologies;
- personality-oriented technologies.
Features of traditional learning technologies
The traditional type of training has been around for almost half a century. It is represented by a class-lesson system, the obligatory element of which is a lesson. Classes are held simultaneously with the whole class. The role of the teacher in this is to explain the content of the educational material, transfer knowledge, develop skills, evaluate the results of the reproduction of the learned. Therefore, traditional teaching technologies are often reproductive in nature. In this case, the teacher is given the main role, and his efforts are mainly aimed at the qualitative presentation of educational information. The responsibility of the student is to reproduce the learned material.
Basically, the traditional type of training is represented by an explanatory and illustrative method of presenting material.
Traditional teaching technologies have both positive and negative characteristics, but you should not completely abandon them.
Features of the application of teaching technologies in higher education
At a university, the planning of teaching technology provides for the creation of a project for the content of the discipline being studied, the selection of teaching aids and methods, forms with which the educational process will be organized. Therefore, the teaching technologies in higher education provide for the structure of the educational material offered to students, tasks, exercises and tasks that contribute to the formation of both educational and professional skills, the accumulation of initial experience in activities related to the future profession.
It should be noted that the teaching technology in higher education consists of:
- goals set for training;
- the content of the training itself;
- forms by which the learning process is organized;
- means of cooperation between teachers and students, their mutual activities;
- the results of activities determining the degree of professional preparedness.
Therefore, educational technologies provide for the organization of the educational process, its management, as well as control over it. All the components of this process are in mutual relations and mutual dependence