In any network, the voltage is not stable and constantly changing. This depends primarily on electricity consumption. Thus, by connecting devices to the outlet, you can significantly reduce the voltage in the network. The average deviation is 10%. Many devices that run on electricity are designed for minor changes. However, large fluctuations lead to transformer overloads.
How is the stabilizer arranged?
The main element of the stabilizer is considered to be a transformer. Through an alternating circuit, it connects to the diodes. In some systems, there are more than five units. As a result, they form a bridge in the stabilizer. Behind the diodes is a transistor, behind which a regulator is installed. Additionally, stabilizers have capacitors. Switching off the automation is carried out using the closure mechanism.
Interference elimination
The principle of operation of stabilizers is based on the feedback method. At the first stage, voltage is supplied to the transformer. If its limit value exceeds the norm, then the diode enters operation. It is connected directly to the transistor in a circuit. If we consider the AC system, the voltage is additionally filtered. In this case, the capacitor acts as a converter.
After the current passes the resistor, it again returns to the transformer. As a result, the nominal load value changes. For process stability, the network has automation. Thanks to it, capacitors do not overheat in the collector circuit. At the output, the mains current flows through the winding through another filter. Ultimately, the voltage becomes rectified.
Features of network stabilizers
The circuit diagram of a voltage stabilizer of this type is a set of transistors, as well as diodes. In turn, the closure mechanism is absent in it. Regulators are of the usual type. In some models, an additional display system is installed.
It is able to show the power of jumps in the network. In sensitivity, the models are quite different. Capacitors, as a rule, are compensated in the circuit. They have no protection system.
Devices of models with a regulator
For refrigeration equipment, an adjustable voltage regulator is in demand. Its scheme implies the ability to configure the device before use. In this case, it helps in eliminating high frequency interference. In turn, the electromagnetic field is not a problem for resistors.
Capacitors are also included in the adjustable voltage regulator. Its circuit is not complete without transistor bridges that are interconnected along the collector chain. Directly regulators can be installed in various modifications. Much in this case depends on the ultimate stress. Additionally, the type of transformer that is available in the stabilizer is taken into account.
Resant stabilizers
The Resant voltage regulator circuit is a set of transistors that interact with each other along a collector. There is a fan to cool the system. With high-frequency overloads in the system, a compensating type capacitor copes.
Also, the Resant voltage regulator circuit includes diode bridges. Regulators in many models are installed ordinary. Resant stabilizers have load limits. In general, they perceive interference. The disadvantages include high noise transformers.
Scheme of models with a voltage of 220 V
The 220 V voltage regulator circuit differs from other devices in that it has a control unit. This element is connected directly to the regulator. Immediately after the filtration system there is a diode bridge. To stabilize the oscillations, a circuit of transistors is additionally provided. At the output after the winding is a capacitor.
The transformer copes with overloads in the system. The conversion of current is carried out by him. In general, the power range of these devices is quite high. These stabilizers are capable of working at sub-zero temperatures. In terms of noise, they do not differ from models of other types. The sensitivity parameter is highly dependent on the manufacturer. It is also affected by the type of controller installed.
The principle of operation of pulse stabilizers
The electrical circuit of a voltage stabilizer of this type is similar to the model of a relay analog. However, there are still differences in the system. The main element in the circuit is considered to be a modulator. This device is engaged in reading voltage indicators. Next, the signal is transferred to one of the transformers. There is a complete processing of information.
To change the current strength, there are two converters. However, in some models it is installed alone. To cope with the electromagnetic field, a rectifier divider is used. With increasing voltage, it reduces the limit frequency. In order for the current to enter the winding, the diodes transmit a signal to the transistors. At the output, the stabilized voltage passes through the secondary winding.
High frequency stabilizer models
Compared with relay models, a high-frequency voltage regulator (the circuit is shown below) is more complex, and more than two diodes are used in it. A distinctive feature of devices of this type is considered to be high power.
Transformers in the circuit are designed for large interference. As a result, these devices are able to protect any household appliances in the house. The filtering system in them is configured for various leaps. By controlling the voltage, the magnitude of the current can vary. In this case, the limit frequency index will increase at the input, and decrease at the output. The current in this circuit is converted in two stages.
Initially, a transistor with a filter at the input is activated. At the second stage, a diode bridge is turned on. In order for the current conversion process to complete, the system requires an amplifier. It is installed, as a rule, between resistors. Thus, the temperature in the device is maintained at the proper level. Additionally, the system takes into account the power source. The use of the protection unit depends on its operation.
15 V stabilizers
For devices with a voltage of 15 V, a network voltage stabilizer is used, the circuit of which is quite simple in structure. The sensitivity threshold for devices is low. It is very difficult to meet models with an indication system. They do not need filters, since fluctuations in the circuit are insignificant.
Resistors in many models are only at the output. Due to this, the conversion process is quite fast. Input amplifiers are installed the simplest. A lot in this case depends on the manufacturer. A voltage stabilizer is used (the circuit is shown below) of this type most often in laboratory studies.
Features of 5 V models
For devices with a voltage of 5 V, a special network voltage stabilizer is used. Their circuit consists of resistors, as a rule, no more than two. Such stabilizers are used exclusively for the normal functioning of measuring instruments. In general, they are quite compact, and work quietly.
SVK Series
Models in this series are stabilizers of the lateral type. Most often they are used in production to reduce network surges. The voltage stabilizer connection diagram of this model provides for the presence of four transistors, which are arranged in pairs. Due to this, the current overcomes less resistance in the circuit. At the output of the system there is a winding for the opposite effect. There are two filters in the circuit.
Due to the lack of a capacitor, the conversion process also occurs faster. The disadvantages include greater sensitivity. The device reacts very sharply to an electromagnetic field. The connection circuit of the SVK series voltage regulator regulator provides, as well as an indication system. The maximum voltage of the device is perceived up to 240 V, and the deviation in this case cannot exceed 10%.
Automatic stabilizers "Ligao 220 V"
For alarm systems, a 220V voltage regulator is in demand from the Ligao company. Its circuit is built on the work of thyristors. These elements are used exclusively in semiconductor circuits. To date, there are quite a few types of thyristors. According to the degree of protection, they are divided into static as well as dynamic. The first type is used with sources of electricity of various capacities. In turn, dynamic thyristors have their limits.
If we talk about the company "Ligao" voltage regulator (the circuit is shown below), then it has an active element. To a greater extent, it is intended for the normal functioning of the regulator. It is a set of contacts that are able to connect. This is necessary in order to increase or decrease the limit frequency in the system. In other thyristor models, there may be several. They are installed with each other using cathodes. As a result, the efficiency of the device can be significantly increased.
Low frequency devices
To service devices with a frequency of less than 30 Hz, there is such a voltage regulator 220V. Its circuit is similar to that of relay models with the exception of transistors. In this case, they are available with the emitter. Sometimes a special controller is additionally installed. Much depends on the manufacturer, as well as the model. The controller in the stabilizer is required to transmit a signal to the control unit.
In order for the connection to be of high quality, manufacturers use an amplifier. It is installed, as a rule, at the entrance. The output in the system is usually a winding. If we talk about the voltage limit of 220 V, there are two capacitors. The current transfer coefficient of such devices is quite low. The reason for this is considered to be the low limit frequency, which is a consequence of the controller. However, the saturation coefficient is at a high level. This is largely due to the transistors that are installed with emitters.
Why are ferroresonant models needed?
Ferroresonant voltage stabilizers (circuit shown below) are used at various industrial facilities. The sensitivity threshold is quite high due to powerful power supplies. Transistors are mainly installed in pairs. The number of capacitors depends on the manufacturer. In this case, this will affect the final threshold of sensitivity. Thyristors are not used to stabilize the voltage .
In this situation, the collector is able to cope with this task. Their gain is very high due to direct signal transmission. If we talk about the current-voltage characteristics, then the resistance in the circuit is maintained at 5 MPa. In this case, it has a positive effect on the limit frequency of the stabilizer. At the output, the differential resistance does not exceed 3 MPa. Transistors save the system from increased voltage. Thus, overcurrents can be avoided in most cases.
Latera type stabilizers
The scheme for stabilizers of the lateral type is characterized by an increased efficiency. The input voltage is on average 4 MPa. In this case, the ripple is kept large amplitude. In turn, the output voltage of the stabilizer is 4 MPa. Resistors in many models are installed in the MP series.
The current in the circuit is constantly regulated and, due to this, the limit frequency can be reduced to around 40 Hz. Dividers in amplifiers of this type work together with resistors. As a result, all functional units are interconnected. A DC amplifier is usually installed after the capacitor before winding.