Wholesale trade organizations store stocks of products. Obsolete goods must be disposed of periodically. They can be written off or sold at a price below cost. Enterprises can also sell equipment at a contractual value that is lower than the carrying amount. How in such cases to write off the loss from the sale of the OS?
Legislation
Losses resulting from the sale of equipment are considered by the taxpayer as part of income tax expenses (Article 268 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). It is included in other expenses and deducted in equal installments over the remaining useful life.
In BU, to display information on the sale of fixed assets, account 91 “Other income and expenses” is used, as well as the sub-account “Retirement of equipment”. For DT, the value of the decommissioned object is displayed, in CT - the accumulated depreciation. After disposal, the residual value is written off to account 91.
Selling OS at a loss: postings
- DT01 sub-account "Retirement" KT01 sub-account "OS in use" - the initial cost of the object has been written off.
- DT02 KT01 sub-account "Retirement" - deducted accrued depreciated.
- DT91 sub-account “Other expenses” KT01 sub-account “Retirement” - the residual value is written off.
- DT62 (76) KT91 “Other income” - equipment was sold at an agreed price.
- DT91 "Other expenses" KT68 - VAT is charged.
- DT50 (51) KT62 (76) - received payment.
- DT99 KT91 - reflected financial result.
In BU, the total loss from the sale of equipment is fully involved in determining the final financial result of the organization. In OU, the amount of loss for the reporting period is partially reflected, and in BU - in full, that is, tax differences occur. Therefore, in addition to the above records, you need to generate such postings:
- at the time of implementation: DT09 KT68 - the tax asset is reflected;
- monthly: DT68 KT09 - the tax asset has been partially repaid.
1C
The sale of equipment is reflected in the program on account 91. Postings are generated by the document “OS Transmission”. The financial result is estimated by comparing the amounts of CT 90.01.1 and 90.02.1 for each object.
In the document “Operation (BU and NU)” on the NU tab, you should display the loss from sales. Wiring: KT91.09 DT97.03. Temporary differences are shown by the record KT91.02.P DT97.03.
The next step is to fill out the “Future Expenses” directory:
- Type of BPM - sales of depreciable asset.
- Recognition of expenses - by month.
- Amount of loss.
- Beginning of write-off - 01 day of the month following the current.
- End of write-off - 30 (31) day of the month in which the object will be completely written off.
- Score: 91.02.
- Subkonto BU (OU) - article "Finresult after the implementation of the operating system."
Next, the regulatory documents for the month should be carried out: determination of the financial result, calculations for the NPP.
Central Bank Implementation
The procedure for determining the tax base is regulated by Art. 214 of the Tax Code. The provisions described in it are applicable to operations of sale, exchange, conversion and redemption of the Central Bank.
Let's consider how profit, loss from sales is calculated. Formula:
Financial result = income from sales - expenses.
Income is recorded separately for certificates that circulate on the market, and those that do not appear on the listing, but meet the requirements established by the Central Bank. According to the Tax Code, the date of receipt is recognized:
- In cash - the day the funds are transferred to the brokerage account of the trustee or securities holder.
- In kind - the day the income is transferred. Typically, in such operations, some certificates are exchanged for others.
When calculating the financial result, the following expenses are taken into account:
- amounts transferred to the issuer paid under the contract;
- payment for services of professional participants of the securities market;
- premium, discount paid by the mutual fund upon purchase or redemption of the unit;
- exchange fee;
- taxes paid;
- payment for registrar services;
- % amount paid by the holder on loans received for transactions with the Central Bank;
- other costs associated with the purchase of certificates.
If the taxpayer exchanged the Central Bank, only the amounts paid for the initial certificates are recognized as income. All costs must be documented.
How is profit, loss from sales displayed? The postings are as follows:
- DT76 KT91-1 - a positive financial result was obtained from the sale of shares of another organization;
- DT91-2 KT58-1 (76) - the cost of the Central Bank and the costs associated with their acquisition are written off.
Examples
In 2014, the company sold the Central Bank under sales contracts:
- 04/01 - sold 10 thousand units. shares for 1.5 million rubles .;
- 04.25 - 50 shares not traded on the market were sold for 50 thousand rubles.
The total amount of expenses for storage of the first group of the Central Bank amounted to 1.3 million rubles, and the second - 55 thousand rubles. The financial result is calculated separately.
1. 1.5 - 1.3 = 0.2 thousand rubles.
2. 50 - 55 = - 0.5 thousand rubles.
That is, the organization received a loss from the sale of shares that were not traded on the market.
Features
The basis for calculating taxes is the profit from the sale of the Central Bank. Moreover, if transactions on non-negotiable certificates were completed in the reporting period, then profit from them is reduced by the loss received on other transactions with similar securities.
In 2015, 2 transactions of sale of certificates that were not traded on the market were completed. One profit amounted to 300 thousand rubles, and the second - a loss of 25 thousand rubles. In this situation, the basis for calculating the tax will be the total financial result: 300 - 25 = 275 thousand rubles.
Circulation of bills
The financial result from transactions with such securities is determined by the method described above: the sum of all costs is deducted from sales revenue. According to the Tax Code, the loss from the sale of promissory notes and other securities received in the previous period may reduce the tax base for transactions with similar certificates in the current period. It follows from this that the profit from the main activity cannot be reduced by a negative financial result from transactions with the Central Bank.
A bill can be presented for payment ahead of schedule. To account for the financial result of operations such as transactions with the Central Bank, it is necessary that the promissory notes be acquired as the Central Bank. That is, there must be a document confirming the fact of the sale of the certificate for money.
If the bill was received as a means of payment, then there is no financial result from operations to repay it. Organizations cannot calculate the separately taxable base for such transactions and attribute the discount amount to losses.
Compensation
The Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for individuals the opportunity to transfer a negative financial result to the following tax periods for the Central Bank, which circulate in the market. Losses on operations reduce the base for calculating personal income tax. Amounts not taken into account in the current year may be carried forward to the next year in whole or in part. The same cost figure can be reduced nine times.
Selling materials at a loss
Balances in warehouses that are outdated are subject to write-off or sale. In the second case, the selling price is likely to be less than the purchase price. The resulting loss is taken into account in the taxation of profits, revenue from sales is included in the proceeds of the sale, and expenses are charged to production costs (Article 268 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). If the transaction price deviates by more than 20% in one direction or another from the market value of similar goods, the tax may charge additional NPP and penalty interest.
Operating activities
To display the financial result from ordinary types of employment, account 90 “Sales” is provided. Subaccounts are started for it, according to which:
- 90.01 - Revenue from sales.
- 90.02 - Cost of sales.
- 90.07 - Costs of sales.
- 09.09 - “Profit / loss on sales”.
Example
For a month, the cash desk of the enterprise received 900 thousand rubles. as revenue. The cost of goods sold is 790 thousand rubles. Costs of sales - 68 thousand rubles. Calculate the profit, loss on sales. Postings:
- DT50 KT90.01 - 900,000 - revenue received.
- DT90.02 KT41 - 790 000 - the cost of goods has been taken into account.
- DT90.07 KT44 - 68 000 - expenses are written off.
Financial results:
- DT90.01 CT 90.09 - 900 000
- DT90.09 KT90.02 - 790 000
- DT90.09 KT90.07 - 68 000
The total balance of the account is 90.09: 900 - (790 + 68) = 42 000.
At the end of the reporting period, the company made a profit.
If the turnover in DT were greater than in CT, the account would be closed by posting:
DT99 CT 90.09 - a loss is recognized.
Commodity allowances
Sometimes product prices change in the middle of the billing period. Consider the example of increasing the trade margin in the form of the same percentage for all goods.
Formulas
- Gross income = Turnover * Surcharge / 100.
- Markup = Trade Markup (%) / (100 + Trade Markup (%)).
In LLC, the balance of goods on account 41 as of 01.07 amounted to 12.5 thousand rubles. The trading margin as of 01.07 (account 42) amounted to 3.1 thousand rubles. In July, products worth 37 thousand rubles were purchased. without VAT. All goods were charged a trade margin of 35%. The company received revenue in the amount of 51 thousand rubles. (including VAT - 7.78 thousand rubles). Costs of sales - 5 thousand rubles.
The size of the trade allowance amounted to:
- for new goods: 37,000 x 35% = 12,950 rubles.
- for sales: 35% / (100 + 35%) = 25.93%.
Gross income: 51 x 0.2593 / 100 = 13 222 rubles.
We display in the profit and loss from sales. Postings:
- DT50 CT 90-1 - 51 000 - revenue is reflected.
- DT90-3 KT68 - 7780 - VAT.
- DT90-2 KT42 - 13 222 - the amount of the extra charge has been written off.
- DT90-2 KT41 - 51 000 - the cost of sales has been written off.
- DT90-2 KT44 - 5000 - expenses for sale are taken into account.
- DT90-9 KT99 - profit in the amount of: 51 000 - 7780 - (–13 222) - 51 000 - 5000 = 442 rubles.
There are also cases where the premium is assigned separately to each group of goods. Then the formula for calculating gross income will be:
VD = (Turnover (1) x Markup + ... + Turnover (n) x Markup) / 100
The balance of goods at the beginning of the month is 16.8 thousand rubles. Received products in the amount of 33.2 thousand rubles. Commodity margin is 39% on the balance of goods and 26% on new arrivals. Sales revenue - 50,000 rubles. (including VAT - 7627 rubles). Cost of sales - 3000 rubles.
Calculate the trading margin:
- for the first group of goods: 39 / (100 + 39) = 28.06%;
- for the second group of goods: 26 / (100 + 26) = 20.64%.
Gross income for the month will be:
16.8 x 0.2806 + 33.2 x 0.2064) / 100 = 11 564 rubles.
We display this data in the control unit:
- DT50 KT90-1 - 50,000 - revenue is reflected.
- DT90-3 KT68 - 7627 - VAT included.
- DT90-2 KT42 - 11564 - written off trade margin.
- DT90-2 KT41 - 50,000– the cost of sales has been written off.
- DT90-2 KT44 - 3000 - expenses included.
- DT90-9 KT99 - profit from sales: 50 000 - 7627– (–11 564) - 50 000 - 3000 = 937 rubles.
To calculate the NPP, you need to know the purchase value of the goods. It is calculated based on the value of the trade margin. But the results of calculations in tax and accounting may vary. For example, interest on the use of credit in BU is accounted for in the cost of production, and in NU - are allocated to non-operating expenses.